Ocular Examination and Corneal Surface Disease in the Ferret

Myrna, Kathern E.; Girolamo, Nicola Di

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2018.08.004

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Horizontal pupils are usually only observed in prey species, regardless of activity pattern 14 . However, the ring‐tailed coati is mainly diurnal and presents a horizontally ovoid pupil, similar to that of ferrets 15 . However, with miosis it becomes teardrop shaped and obliquely oriented, with the most ventrotemporal portion being smaller and more ventral than its nasal portion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…14 However, the ring-tailed coati is mainly diurnal and presents a horizontally ovoid pupil, similar to that of ferrets. 15 However, with miosis it becomes teardrop shaped and obliquely oriented, with the most ventrotemporal portion being smaller and more ventral than its nasal portion. This unexpected finding was not a consequence of the rotation of the eye or the anesthesia; it was the actual shape of the pupil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis (nasua nasua)

Carvalho

Rodarte‐Almeida

Moore

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective: To describe ocular anatomical features and to determine tear production and tonometry in normal anesthetized ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua). Animals: Eight male and seven female ring-tailed coatis (30 eyes) were evaluated, with ages ranging from 7 months to 10 years old. Procedures: The animals were anesthetized with isoflurane and had STT 1, rebound and applanation tonometry, and palpebral fissure length (PFL) measured in both eyes.Rebound tonometry was measured with both TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus®. All eyes were evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Following pharmacological mydriasis, direct fundoscopy was performed. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used for the data analysis. Results: There were upper and lower eyelids, as well as a third eyelid. Eyelashes were present on the upper eyelid, while meibomian glands openings were visible on both.The bulbar conjunctiva was pigmented. The pupil was obliquely horizontally ovoid and teardrop shaped when miotic. The color of the iris and tapetum lucidum varied with age. The optic disk was round, and the retina was holangiotic. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were as follows: STT: 2.50 ± 2.39 mm/min; rebound tonometry: 9.50 ± 2.43 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration P), 14.60 ± 2.82 mmHg (TonoVet®, calibration D), 18.93 ± 3.99 mmHg (TonoVet Plus®, calibration dog); applanation tonometry: 18.66 ± 4.16 mmHg; PFL: 10.98 ± 1.67 mm. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Anatomical and clinical ophthalmic data presented in this study are unprecedented for this species. The results can be used as clinical reference parameters, allowing for better care of these species. The lack of data for the Procyonidae family must be regarded as an incentive for more studies. K E Y W O R D Sintraocular pressure, optic nerve, palpebral fissure length, ring-tailed coati, Schirmer tear test, wild animals How to cite this article: Carvalho CM, Rodarte-Almeida AC, Moore BA, Borges BP, Machado MT, Galera PD. Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring-tailed coatis (nasua nasua).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis (nasua nasua)

Carvalho

Rodarte‐Almeida

Moore

et al. 2021

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Banks et al [ 91 ], cited by Carvalho et al [ 70 ], reported that horizontal pupils are exclusively found in prey species, regardless of their activity pattern. In our analyzed red panda (a nocturnal and crepuscular animal), the pupil was horizontally ovoid, similar to that of the ring-tailed coati (mainly diurnal) and ferrets [ 70 , 93 ]. Kitchener et al [ 121 ] noted that in the subfamily Mustelinae, the pupil tends to be close to horizontal slits, likely corresponding to the horizontal visual streak characterized by high densities of photoreceptors in their retina and adjacent ganglion cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological examination of the visual system and orbital region in the red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens)

Klećkowska-Nawrot,

Goździewska-Harłajczuk,

Barszcz

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

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Objectives The red panda is currently the only surviving member of the Ailuridae family in the Caniformia suborder. In this study, we provide data on anatomical, morphometric, histological and histochemical examination of the orbital region, eyelids, orbital gland, and eye tunics in two adult males Ailurus fulgens fulgens from the Wroclaw Zoological Garden, Poland. Methods The study involved morphometric analysis of the eyeball and selected accessory organs of the eye, along with analysis of the bony orbit, including its morphometry, macroscopic, and microscopic evaluation. Microscopic evaluation encompassed histological and histochemical staining, with the former involving hematoxylin & eosin (H&E), Movat pentachrome, picro-Mallory trichrome, Fontana-Masson, and the latter including PAS, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 2.5; AB pH 2.5/PAS, and HDI. Results The upper (UE) and lower (LE) eyelids presented well-developed tarsal glands, sebaceous glands, and a characteristic simple alveolar gland (producing a mucous secretion). The palpebral part of the lacrimal gland was present. A single lymphoid follicle was observed only in the upper eyelids. The superficial gland of the third eyelid (SGTE) was a multilobar acinar complex that produces mucous secretion and is contained within the interlobular ducts of numerous aggregates of lymph nodes. The third eyelid (TE) was T-shaped and composed of hyaline tissue, containing CALT. The lacrimal gland (LG) also revealed a multilobar acinar complex that produced mucous secretion, with a single lymphoid follicle. The cornea consisted of 4 layers, as Bowman’s membrane was absent. The Vogt palisades composed of 7–10 layers of epithelial cells were demonstrated. The pupil was horizontally ovoid at rest (post-mortem). The sphincter pupil and the dilator pupil were well developed. Macroscopically, the tapetum lucidum appeared as a milky, non-opalescent crescent. Histologically, the choroidal tapetum lucidum cellulosum consisted of 5 to 9 layers of loosely packed oval cells. The retina showed a composition similar to that of terrestrial nocturnal carnivores. Conclusions The results of our research indicate that the anatomical features of the eye and orbital region in the red panda share similarities with those described in the Musteloidea clade, as well as the Canidae and Ursidae families.

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“…10 Corneal dystrophy has not been reported to date. 11 A PubMed research on August 2023 with the words 'ferret corneal dystrophy' did not retrieve any results. The objective of this case report is to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ferret ophthalmology has limited scientific literature to date and the described corneal diseases are limited to ulceration, lymphoplasmacytic keratitis, 9 nutritional deficiency of riboflavin causing corneal vascularisation and opacification 10 . Corneal dystrophy has not been reported to date 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bilateral corneal descemetocele as a consequence of corneal dystrophy in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

Cattaneo,

Bersanetti,

Guandalini

2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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The purpose was to describe the clinical findings, surgery and outcome of a bilateral descemetocele in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo), resulting from corneal dystrophy. A female ferret was diagnosed with a descemetocele in the left eye, as a result of corneal dystrophy with crystalline deposits, which spontaneously detached. Surgery was performed with a corneal graft and a conjunctival flap. No systemic disease was correlated with the corneal dystrophy. After 3 months, the ferret was presented with a descemetocele of the right eye, still due to corneal dystrophy. The same surgery as previously described was performed. The ferret recovered uneventfully from both surgeries and maintained vision from both eyes. This is the first report of corneal dystrophy in a ferret, and the first report of successful surgery on a descemetocele in this species. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and if performed quickly and adequately, has a good outcome.

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Ocular Examination and Corneal Surface Disease in the Ferret

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis (nasua nasua)

Ocular examination findings and measurements of tear production and tonometry of ring‐tailed coatis (nasua nasua)

Morphological examination of the visual system and orbital region in the red panda (Ailurus fulgens fulgens)

A bilateral corneal descemetocele as a consequence of corneal dystrophy in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

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