Ocular Diseases

Hosie, B. D.

doi:10.1002/9780470753316.ch50

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There have been few formal epidemiological studies on the frequency of occurrence and risk factors for OIKC infection; however, the disease is believed to be spread between and within flocks through entry of clinically and subclinically infected animals,3 facilitated by close contact, for example, at feed troughs 1 12…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective

Williams

Duncan

Fisher

et al. 2019

Veterinary Record Open

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The objective of this study was to gather current, farmer-reported data on the frequency of occurrence, risk factors and treatment practices for the sheep eye disease, ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis (OIKC).A questionnaire regarding eye disease in sheep was completed by 135 farmers from four livestock markets. Most farmers (87%) had observed OIKC in their flock, 88% of these within the last 2 years.Farmers reported observing most cases in the winter months (51%) and fewest in the summer (10%). They proposed housing and forage feeding from racks as factors associated with OIKC.A variety of treatment protocols were used by farmers. The three most popular treatments used were: cloxacillin eye ointment, intramuscular oxytetracycline injection and topical tetracycline spray applied to the eye. Only 62% of treatments were considered very effective by the farmers, with no difference in farmer perceived efficacy between these three most commonly used treatments (p=0.6).Farmers used 15 different terms to describe a photograph of a sheep with OIKC, including many colloquial terms. We hypothesise that this could result in communication problems between veterinary surgeons and farmers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective

Williams

Duncan

Fisher

et al. 2019

Veterinary Record Open

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“…Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), commonly known as ‘pink eye’ in sheep, goats and cattle, is a highly infectious disease recognized worldwide and responsible for temporary or permanent blindness (Rosenbusch ; Egwu ; Angelos ). It is quite common in domestic ruminant livestock species, and domestic sheep can also act as reservoir hosts for domestic and wildlife fauna (Hosie ; Giacometti et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are the confirmed IKC aetiological agents (Rosenbusch and Knudtson ; Egwu et al . ; Hosie ; Angelos et al . ; Alexander ; Gould et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), commonly known as 'pink eye' in sheep, goats and cattle, is a highly infectious disease recognized worldwide and responsible for temporary or permanent blindness (Rosenbusch 1983;Egwu 1991;Angelos 2010). It is quite common in domestic ruminant livestock species, and domestic sheep can also act as reservoir hosts for domestic and wildlife fauna (Hosie 2000;Giacometti et al 2002). Keratoconjunctivitis is characterized initially by severe ocular pain, hyperaemia, serous lacrimation and blepharospasm (Egwu 1989;Angelos 2010), but in the advanced stage, the corneal opacity or even perforation may occur (Mayer et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are suspected, but some Moraxella spp. are the confirmed IKC aetiological agents (Rosenbusch and Knudtson 1980;Egwu et al 1989;Hosie 2000;Angelos et al 2007;Alexander 2010;Gould et al 2013). Lately, the taxonomy of the bacterial order Chlamydiales has been revised, and the species that are known to affect sheep are described as Chlamydophila abortus and C. pecorum (Everett et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of chlamydiae and mycoplasma species in ruminants with ocular infections

Gupta

Chahota

Bhardwaj

et al. 2014

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) is a highly contagious ocular inflammatory condition, which is often reported in domestic small and large ruminants. Multiple infectious aetiologies are reported to be involved, but information about the role of certain fastidious bacterial pathogens such as chlamydiae and mycoplasmas is limited in India. Hence, this study was performed to determine the role of these pathogens and their identification by molecular approach. A total of 53 samples from 31 ovine, 14 caprine and eight bovine having clinical symptoms were collected and tested using species-specific PCR tests for chlamydiae and mycoplasmas followed by nucleotide sequence analysis. The results showed 77.41, 14.29 and 25% samples were chlamydiae positive in ovine, caprine and bovine, respectively, whereas 41.93, 14.29 and 37.5% prevalence of mycoplasma infection was detected in ovine, caprine and bovines, respectively. Chlamydophila abortus, Chlamydophila psittaci, Mycoplasma arginini and Mycoplasma hyorhinis were detected from tested samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these species are identified in IKC cases from India. Coinfection of both chlamydial and mycoplasmal species was detected in eight IKC cases of ovine which suggest synergistic roles played by both chlamydiae and mycoplasma in IKC samples.

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Postepizootic Persistence of Asymptomatic Mycoplasma conjunctivae Infection in Iberian Ibex

Fernández-Aguilar

Cabezón

Granados

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The susceptibility of the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) to Mycoplasma conjunctivae ocular infection and the changes in their interaction over time were studied in terms of clinical outcome, molecular detection, and IgG immune response in a captive population that underwent a severe infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) outbreak. Mycoplasma conjunctivae was detected in the Iberian ibex, coinciding with the IKC outbreak. Its prevalence had a decreasing trend in 2013 that was consistent with the clinical resolution (August, 35.4%; September, 8.7%; November, 4.3%). Infections without clinical outcome were, however, still detected in the last handling in November. Sequencing and cluster analyses of the M. conjunctivae strains found 1 year later in the ibex population confirmed the persistence of the same strain lineage that caused the IKC outbreak but with a high prevalence (75.3%) of mostly asymptomatic infections and with lower DNA load of M. conjunctivae in the eyes (mean quantitative PCR [qPCR] cycle threshold [C T ], 36.1 versus 20.3 in severe IKC). Significant age-related differences of M. conjunctivae prevalence were observed only under IKC epizootic conditions. No substantial effect of systemic IgG on M. conjunctivae DNA in the eye was evidenced with a linear mixed-models selection, which indicated that systemic IgG does not necessarily drive the resolution of M. conjunctivae infection and does not explain the epidemiological changes observed. The results show how both epidemiological scenarios, i.e., severe IKC outbreak and mostly asymptomatic infections, can consecutively occur by entailing mycoplasma persistence.IMPORTANCE Mycoplasma infections are reported in a wide range of epidemiological scenarios that involve severe disease to asymptomatic infections. This study allows a better understanding of the transition between two different Mycoplasma conjunctivae epidemiological scenarios described in wild host populations and highlights the ability of M. conjunctivae to adapt, persist, and establish diverse interactions with its hosts. The proportion of asymptomatic and clinical M. conjunctivae infections in a host population may not be regarded only in response to intrinsic host species traits (i.e., susceptibility) but also to a specific host-pathogen interaction, which in turn influences the infection dynamics. Both epidemic infectious keratoconjunctivitis and a high prevalence of asymptomatic M. conjunctivae infections may occur in the same host population, depending on the circulation of M. conjunctivae, its maintenance, and the progression of the host-pathogen interactions.

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Ocular Diseases

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective

Ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis in sheep: the farmer's perspective

Identification of chlamydiae and mycoplasma species in ruminants with ocular infections

Postepizootic Persistence of Asymptomatic Mycoplasma conjunctivae Infection in Iberian Ibex

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