Ocular Diseases

Irby, Nita L.; Angelos, John A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-39055-2.00014-0

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The multiplex PCR of Moraxella spp. further confirmed the presence of M. bovis and M. bovoculi known to cause IBK (Irby and Angelos 2018;Karthik et al 2022;Olson et al 2022) in the studied samples. The amplification graphs showed a threshold cycle of 22, and there was a tendency to increase the value of the curve from cycle 20-22 to 30 due to the accumulation of amplification products in the positive control and the studied samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Metagenomic Analysis and Identification of Epizootic Strains of the Causative Agent of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Kazakhstan

2023

Int J Vet Sci

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This research aimed to identify the causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) Moraxella strains and differentiate them using 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing method was used to determine the microbiome. This is due to the high commonness of this gene in the genomes of all prokaryotes, which allows selecting universal primers to strengthen areas of interest and reduce the cost and time of research. PCR-RT was used for the identification of Moraxella strains. In this study, we identified the causative agents Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi based on the metagenomics analysis of infected cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. We visualized the obtained data using Krona's diagram and EDGE bioinformatics software. We differentiated M. bovis and M. bovoculi from other cultures of Moraxella spp. using PCR-RT. For the first time in Kazakhstan, strains that cause IBK were identified using metagenomic analysis. This raises the diagnosis of IBK, a widespread infectious cattle disease, to a genetic level. Our research will serve as the foundation for the further scientific study of the accompanying microorganisms, followed by recommendations for herd welfare and the prevention of economic losses associated with the death and therapeutic manipulations of sick animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Three Moraxella spp. have been studied for IBK: Moraxella bovis (Irby and Angelos 2018), Moraxella bovoculi (Karthik et al 2022), and Moraxella ovis. M. ovis is rare and not often found in cattle eye cultures, previous information about it referred to M. bovoculi (Spiridonov et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Analysis and Identification of Epizootic Strains of the Causative Agent of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Kazakhstan

2023

Int J Vet Sci

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Revealing the genetic basis of eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle

Jara

Peñagaricano

Armstrong

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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Ocular squamous cell carcinoma and infectious keratoconjunctivitis are common ocular pathologies in Hereford cattle with considerable economic impact. Both pathologies have been associated with low eyelid pigmentation, and thus, genetic selection for higher eyelid pigmentation could reduce their incidence. The objective of the present study was to reveal the genetic basis of eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle. The analysis included a single-step genome-wide association study (ssGWAS) and a subsequent gene-set analysis in order to identify individual genes, genetic mechanisms and biological pathways implicated in this trait. Data consisted of eyelid pigmentation records in 1,165 Hereford bulls and steers, visually assessed in five categories between 0% and 100%. Genotypic data for 774,660 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were available for 886 animals with pigmentation records. Pedigree information of three generations of ancestors of animals with phenotype was considered in this study, with a total of 4,929 animals. Our analyses revealed that eyelid pigmentation is a moderately heritable trait, with heritability estimates around 0.41. The ssGWAS identified at least eight regions, located on BTA1, BTA3, BTA5, BTA14, BTA16, BTA18, BTA19 and BTA24, associated with eyelid pigmentation. These regions harbor genes that are directly implicated in melanocyte biology and skin pigmentation, such as ADCY8, PLD1, KITLG, and PRKCA. The gene-set analysis revealed several functional terms closely related to melanogenesis, such as positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation and regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. Overall, our findings provide evidence that eyelid pigmentation is a heritable trait influenced by many loci. Indeed, the ssGWAS detected several candidate genes that are directly implicated in melanocyte biology, including melanogenesis. This study contributes to a better understanding of the genetic and biological basis of eyelid pigmentation and presents novel information that could aid to design breeding strategies for reducing the incidence of ocular pathologies in cattle. Additional research on the genetic link between eyelid pigmentation and ocular pathologies is needed.

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Early detection of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with artificial intelligence

Gupta,

Kuehn,

Clawson

2023

Vet Res

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Artificial intelligence (AI) was developed to distinguish cattle by their muzzle patterns and identify early cases of disease, including infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). It was tested on 870 cattle in four locations, with 170 developing IBK. The AI identified 169 of the 170 cases prior to their identification by veterinarians, and another 17 cases that remained free of IBK signs (sensitivity = 99.4%, specificity = 97.6%). These results indicate the AI can detect emerging IBK cases by muzzle images very early in the disease process and be used as an intervention tool in the prevention of IBK outbreaks.

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Ocular Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

Metagenomic Analysis and Identification of Epizootic Strains of the Causative Agent of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Kazakhstan

Metagenomic Analysis and Identification of Epizootic Strains of the Causative Agent of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis in Kazakhstan

Revealing the genetic basis of eyelid pigmentation in Hereford cattle

Early detection of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis with artificial intelligence

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