Ocular Demodicosis as a Potential Cause of Pediatric Blepharoconjunctivitis

Liang, Lingyi; Safran, Steve; Gao, Yingying; Sheha, Hosam; Raju, V K; Tseng, Scheffer C.G.

doi:10.1097/ico.0b013e3181e2eac5

Cited by 53 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…13 The patients comprised 7 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 7.5±2.5 years (range, 2.5–11 years). All 12 patients experienced acute episodes of severe ocular surface inflammation previously diagnosed as blepharitis or blepharoconjunctivitis.…”

Section: Ocular Demodicosis and Blepharitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intriguingly, in our pediatric demodicosis study described above, one-third (4/12) of the patients presented with recurrent chalazia, in addition to blepharitis. 13 It is known that D. brevis resides deep in sebaceous glands, including the meibomian gland. Thus, we wondered whether ocular demodicosis could play a role in chalazia.…”

Section: Ocular Demodicosis and Meibomian Gland Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Demodicosis as a Potential Cause of Ocular Surface Inflammation

Luo

Chen

et al. 2017

Cornea

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103

110

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Among different species of mites, Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are the only two that affect the human eye. Because demodicosis is highly age-dependent and can be found in asymptomatic adults, the pathogenicity of these mites has long been debated. Herein, we summarize our research experience including our most recent study regarding Demodex infestation as a potential cause of ocular inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we describe the pathogenesis of demodicosis and then discuss the results of work investigating the associations and relationships between ocular demodicosis and blepharitis, meibomian gland diseases, and keratitis, in turn. This is followed by some discussion of the diagnosis of demodicosis, and concludes with a brief discussion of the evidence for different treatments for ocular demodicosis. Collectively, our studies suggest a strong correlation between ocular demodicosis and ocular surface inflammatory conditions, such as blepharitis, chalazia, MGD, and keratitis. Further investigation of the underlying pathogenic mechanism is warranted.

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Section: Ocular Demodicosis and Blepharitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ocular Demodicosis and Meibomian Gland Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Demodicosis as a Potential Cause of Ocular Surface Inflammation

Luo

Chen

et al. 2017

Cornea

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103

110

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“…Recently, we reported ocular demodicosis in 12 healthy pediatric patients with a history of recurrent blepharoconjunctivitis refractory to conventional treatments. All patients had notable conjunctivitis as evidenced by redness involving bulbar conjunctiva and papillary follicular reaction involving the tarsal conjunctiva [27]. Using the lid scrubs or massage to eradicate mites, all patients showed dramatic resolution of ocular irritation and inflammation but Demodex counts dropped.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic role of Demodex mites in blepharitis

Liu

Sheha

Tseng

2010

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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279

261

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Purpose of review-To summarize the key literature and our research experience regarding Demodex infestation as a potential cause of ocular inflammatory diseases with a special emphasis on Demodex blepharitis. Recent findings-Two distinct Demodex species have been confirmed as a cause of blepharitis:Demodex folliculorum can cause anterior blepharitis associated with disorders of eyelashes, and D. brevis can cause posterior blepharitis with meibomian gland dysfunction and keratoconjunctivitis. Tea tree oil treatments with either 50% lid scrubs or 5% lid massages are effective in eradicating mites and reducing ocular surface inflammation.Summary-Demodex blepharitis is a common but overlooked external eye disease. The pathogenesis of Demodex blepharitis in eliciting ocular surface inflammation has been further clarified. The modified eyelash sampling and counting method makes it easier and more accurate to diagnose Demodex infestation. Tea tree oil shows promising potential to treat Demodex blepharitis by reducing Demodex counts with additional antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory actions.

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“…Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is also more prevalent in elder people but rare in children 12. In paediatric patients, we have reported that ocular demodicosis can be associated with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis5 and chalazia especially D. brevis infestation, another disease affecting meibomian glands 11. We thus wonder if ocular demodicosis may also play a role in MGD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%