Ocular Co-infection with <i>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</i> and <i>Toxoplasma Gondii</i> in an Immunocompetent Patient – A Case Report

Agarwal, Mamta; Patnaik, Gazal; Khetan, Vikas; de-la-Torre, Alejandra

doi:10.1080/09273948.2020.1849738

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Inadequate response to medical treatment was observed in our patient, similar to the case reported by Agarwal et al [ 11 ]. Pars plana vitrectomy helps in the clearance of vitreous opacity, which enables detailed fundus examination and the acquisition of a vitreous sample for diagnostic purposes [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To ascertain the underlying etiology of any uveitis case often poses a significant diagnostic as well as therapeutic challenge for clinicians. Diagnosis is primarily made on the basis of clinical features from history and clinical examinations and microbiological and radiological investigations [ 11 ]. To diagnose ocular tuberculosis without primary pulmonary disease, evidence of eye involvement demonstrated by granulomatous inflammation and detection of acid-fast bacilli through biopsy is typically required [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pars plana vitrectomy helps in the clearance of vitreous opacity, which enables detailed fundus examination and the acquisition of a vitreous sample for diagnostic purposes [ 17 , 18 ]. Vitrectomy has also been proven efficacious in reducing antigenic load and inflammatory factors within the vitreous [ 11 , 17 , 18 ]. There was a significant improvement in visual acuity reported in patients with infectious, non-infectious, and unidentified uveitis groups after vitrectomy [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Sclerouveitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Probable Case of Simultaneous Ocular Tuberculosis and Toxoplasmosis

Chong¹,

Kuen²,

Mun-Wei³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Simultaneous infections of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis are uncommon in immunocompetent patients. We report a case of a 30-year-old male who presented with right eye redness and blurring of vision for one month. The visual acuities were hand movement and Snellen 20/30 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Panuveitis and scleritis were found in the right eye, together with dense vitritis and a large choroidal lesion that extended from the inferonasal to the superotemporal quadrants. B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye showed a choroidal detachment with scleral thickening and subtenon fluid. His IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibody was detected, and his QuantiFERON Gold testing was positive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit revealed an enhancing intraocular mass at the lateral and inferior aspects of the right globe. The diagnosis of right eye sclerouveitis with presumed tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis co-infections was made. He was treated with a course of oral azithromycin and anti-tubercular therapy along with systemic prednisolone and a topical steroid. The treatment reduced the inflammation; however, the patient suffered from a sequela of chronic uveitis with prolonged hypotony. Medical treatment alone may be insufficient in treating severe infective sclerouveitis, hence surgical intervention might be warranted to provide favorable clinical outcomes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%