Ocular Blood Flow After Experimental Alkali Burns and Prostaglandin Administration

Green, Keith; Paterson, Christopher A.; Siddiqui, Ali

doi:10.1001/archopht.1985.01050040111032

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the many studies, the effects on vessels range from constriction to dilation depending on the selected subjects, drug dosage and vessel size [3, 4, 5, 6]. The research regarding the effects of latanoprost on the microvasculature of the eye has been mostly done in cynomolgus monkeys [7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. However, this research which has been limited to animals has targeted the blood aqueous barrier of the anterior eye and not the optic nerve and peripapillary retina which is mostly involved in the human progression of glaucoma.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Effects of 0.005% Latanoprost on Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Retinal Blood Flow

Seong

Lee

Hong³

1999

Ophthalmologica

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Fifty-two eyes of 26 healthy volunteers were recruited for evaluating the effects of 0.005% latanoprost on optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal blood flow. In a randomized double-blind design, one eye received one drop of 0.005% latanoprost and its fellow eye received one drop of a placebo eyedrop. Intraocular pressure (IOP), ONH and peripapillary retinal blood flow were measured with Heidelberg retinal flowmetry (HRF) before, 2 and 24 h after administration of eyedrops. IOP was decreased significantly in latanoprost-treated eyes at 2 and 24 h after administration (p < 0.05). In the volume, flow or velocity of ONH and peripapillary retina, there were no significant changes from the baseline values at 2 and 24 h after latanoprost administration in either latanoprost-treated eyes or their fellow eyes (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in the measured quantities between latanoprost-treated eyes and their fellow eyes at each time point (p > 0.05). This result may suggest that 0.005% latanoprost in healthy subjects does not have any adverse effect on ONH and peripapillary retinal blood flow.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Effects of 0.005% Latanoprost on Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Retinal Blood Flow

Seong

Lee

Hong³

1999

Ophthalmologica

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“…In some cases, a mechanical trauma is added to the corrosive delivery, especially in cases of exploding accumulators or exploding tubings or connectors of concrete pumps. We and many others have observed that, beside a severe trauma of the anterior segment, an additional chemical [10] and blunt trauma [11] to the retina and elevated intraocular pressure directly after the initial trauma [12] can be decisive for the visual outcome.…”

Section: Contact Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 45%

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Schrage

2010

Chemical Ocular Burns

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The barriers of the eye differ from that of skin in dimensions and mucosal organization: there are epithelial cellular barriers made of lipid layers on the eye and dry surfaces made of proteins in the stratified surfaces of the skin. Skin is protected by a superficial outer fatty film, the stratum corneum, and covered by a thick layer of cells, the basal cellular layer. Thanks to these thick layers, skin has a high resistance to initial diffusion of aqueous fluids and less resistance to lipophilic solvents and to acids. The initial chemical cracking of the lipid layer allows fluids to invade deeper layers of the skin. The basal cell layer and the hair follicles contain stem cells capable of epithelial regeneration.The construction of the eye is completely different. The outer layer of this mucosa consists of a tiny tear layer of lipids and water which covers a superficial epithelium closed by double layer lipid membranes of 30-70 nm size interconnected by tight junctions. Three to seven layers of epithelial cells cover the stromal structures of conjunctiva or cornea. The conjunctival surface has interposed cells secreting small amounts of mucin, the so-called goblet cells, which are typically missing within the corneal epithelium. The regeneration of epithelial structures is due to the limbal stem cells located deep in the Vogt's crypts, for the cornea, and to the conjunctival stem cells lying deep in the fornices, for the conjunctiva.The stroma of cornea and conjunctiva consists of connective tissue, which in the conjunctiva is extremely soft, containing superficial and deep vessels on the sclera located in arterial and venous vessels.These vessels end in arcade-like structures at the limbus. The corneal stroma is made of three different main layers that differ in density of collagen and type of packing. The Bowman's membrane of the anterior stroma is part of the basal membrane of the corneal epithelium and accounts for 5% of the thickness of the central 500-600 mm cornea. The corneal stroma consists of highly ordered, horizontally organized and noninterconnected collagen I and X fibrillae that are kept in a hydrated state with a water content of 72-78% and an osmolarity of 420 mOsmol/kg [1].The inner layer of the corneal stroma is a dense membrane of collagen like the basal membrane of the monolayer of corneal endothelium. Descemets membrane is transparent with a thickness varying from 7 to 20 mm, according to the age of the individual. Conjunctiva and cornea host nerve endings of high density in the superficial and basal layers. The cornea at the limbus smoothly changes to sclera with interconnected nontransparent collagen fibrils. Physiological Mechanisms of Decontamination on the EyeIn case of surface contact of fluids with skin, typically nondefatted skin will pearl off the liquids immediately. Defatted skin tends to allow better contact for fluids. The application of soaps or detergents would lessen this initial effect. In contrast to that, the miscibility of

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“…The specific inflammatory media tors responsible for the increase in blood flow cannot be identified from this study, but in an earlier investigation [14] a marked increase in ocular blood flow was observed following topical application of PGE2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…The methodology, using left ventricular injection of 85Sr-labeled micro spheres with collection of reference blood flow through a cannulated femoral artery', has been de scribed previously [11][12][13][14], All animals had a plasma pH between 7.35 and 7.45, with a PCO, of 30-35 mm Hg (adjusted by alteration of the respiratory volume). The animals were killed, 60 s after microsphere injec tion, by an intracardiac injection of saturated KC1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Ocular Blood Flow and Vascular Permeability in Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation

et al. 1990

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Blood flow was measured in several tissues of the rabbit eye following intravitreal injection of a dose of endotoxin that induces an inflammatory response. In separate experiments, the vascular permeability of the inflamed eye was estimated by iris fluorescein angiography and by measuring protein influx into the aqueous humor. The effect of topical corticosteroid treatment upon blood flow and vascular permeability was also measured. Following intravitreal endotoxin injection, minor changes in blood flow occurred in retina and optic nerve head. Marked changes were observed in blood flow in iris, ciliary processes, and choroid. Steroid treatment had no effect upon the increased blood flow 24 h after the endotoxin injection, although from a clinical standpoint the steroid-treated eyes appeared less inflamed. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a massive increase in iris vessel permeability 6 and 24 h following endotoxin injection. Topical steroid treatment reduced fluorescein entry into the anterior chamber at both time periods. On the other hand, the increase in protein influx into the aqueous humor in the endotoxin-inflamed eye was not inhibited by steroid pretreatment. It is suggested that corticosteroids have a selective effect upon the permeability of different components of the blood-aqueous barrier, namely the ciliary processes and the iris vasculature.

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Ocular Blood Flow After Experimental Alkali Burns and Prostaglandin Administration

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Effects of 0.005% Latanoprost on Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Retinal Blood Flow

Effects of 0.005% Latanoprost on Optic Nerve Head and Peripapillary Retinal Blood Flow

Physiopathology of the Cornea and Physiopathology of Eye Burns

Ocular Blood Flow and Vascular Permeability in Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation

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