Ocular and Visual Physiology

Abstract

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Ontogeny of the Orbital Glands and Their Environs in the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin (Stenella attenuata: Delphinidae)

“…In the red kangaroo, there are no distinct glandular masses in the conjunctival aspect of either eyelid (Kleckowska‐Nawrot et al, ). However, in other mammals, a series of up to 5 different sets of glands may occur along the conjunctival margin of the eyelid (Skalicky, cf., Fig. ).…”

“… Schematic diagrams of the orbital glands in (a) generic nonmammalian tetrapod (adapted from Rehorek et al, ) and (b) generic mammal (adapted from Skalicky, ). This is an oblique view.…”

“…The very limited literature on orbital gland ontogeny in cetaceans is restricted to a few fetal specimens Rehorek et al, 2013) and (b) generic mammal (adapted from Skalicky, 2016). This is an oblique view.…”

Correlation between Corneal Endothelial Cell Characteristics and Dry Eye Disease

“…Normal basal tear secretion rate is 1-2 µl/min; on the other hand, the reflex tear rate is >100 µl/min [12]. Normal tear volume replacement occurs every 5-7min [9]. Tear film thickness is around 5.35 µm however the central TFT value was 5.122 ±0.034 µm [13].…”

“…The tear film is a pre-ocular, thin, complex and moist structure composed of four layers (lipid layer 0.1µm, aqueous layer 7µm, mucous layer 3-30µm and glycocalyx 0.01-0.02µm from anterior to posterior) that covers the cornea, bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva [7][8][9]. Any abnormalities to its structure will affect ocular surface and may alter corneal clarity [10].…”