Ocular and Orbital Blood Flow in Cigarette Smokers

Rd, Steigerwalt; Laurora, G; Incandela, L; Mr, Cesarone; Gv, Belcaro; Sanctis, De

doi:10.1097/00006982-200007000-00013

Cited by 47 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The major blood supply to the retina is the choroid, especially in darkness, where 90% of the oxygen comes from choroidal circulation [23]. In the literature, Bourke et al defined the correlation between untreated systemic hypertension and choroidopathy [24], Regatieri et al defined CT in diabetic retinopathy and suggested that CT was associated with retinal tissue hypoxia [25], and Steigerwalt et al and Sızmaz et al reported a decrease in CT in patients who smoked cigarettes, due to the increase in vascular resistance of the vessels [26,27]. According to the before-mentioned studies, migraine is known to be a neurovascular disease, and is known to reduce the blood flow at the level of the central retinal artery and posterior ciliary artery; the thinning of the choroid layer is an expected clinical outcome in migraine patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and choroid thinning in migraine with aura

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and choroid thickness (CT) in patients who have migraines, with and without aura, using spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsForty-five patients who had migraines without aura (Group 1), 45 patients who had migraines with aura (Group 2), and 30 healthy participants (control group) were included in the study. Spectral OCT was used to measure the RNFL, GCL and CT values for all patients.ResultsThe mean age of Group 1, Group 2, and the control group was 34.6 ± 4.3, 32.8 ± 4.9, and 31.8 ± 4.6 years, respectively. The mean attack frequency was 3.6/month in Group 1 and 3.7/month in Group 2. The mean age among the groups (p = 0.27) and number of attacks in migraine patients (p = 0.73) were not significantly different. There was significant thinning in the RNFL and GCL in Group 2 (p < 0.05, p < 0.001 respectively), while there were no significant differences in RNFL and GCL measurements between Group 1 and the control group (p > 0.05). All groups were significantly different from one another with respect to CT, with the most thinning observed in Group 2 (p < 0.001). When all migraine patients (without grouping) were compared with the control group, there were significant differences on all parameters: RNFL thickness, GCC thickness and CT (p < 0.05).ConclusionsRNFL and GCL were significantly thinner in the migraine patients with aura as compared with both the migraine patients without aura and the control subjects. In migraine, both with aura and without aura, patients’ choroid thinning should be considered when evaluating ophthalmological findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and choroid thinning in migraine with aura

et al. 2014

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“…Oxidative stress products lead to abnormal nitric oxide activity, vasomotor dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, inflammatory cells, and thrombocyte activation. 17 These effects on the circulatory system lead to ischemia and hypoxia in the tissue of cigarette smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking reduces retinal blood flow and hyperoxia autoregulation ability of retinal vessels due to the vasoconstrictive influences of nicotine and changed endothelial function. 25,26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Teberik¹

2019

tjo

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Objectives:This study aimed to compare the thickness of the macula, choroid, and peripapillary retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in smokers with those of healthy, nonsmoking individuals using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).Materials and Methods:Sixty-eight healthy smokers with an average of 19.75 pack-years and 71 nonsmoker subjects (control group) were included in the study. Macular thickness, RNFL thickness, and choroidal thickness (CT) were measured by SD-OCT.Results:The mean age of the smokers was 42.76±6.97 years and that of the control group was 41.15±11.61 years (p=0.32). Inferonasal and temporal RNFL thicknesses were 121.60±27.40 μm and 69.75±9.82 μm in the smokers group and 109.05±21.71 μm and 75.95±15.01 μm in the nonsmoker group, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p=0.003, p=0.005, respectively). Central macular thickness (CMT) was 222.97±18.95 μm and subfoveal CT was 369.52±105.36 μm in the smoker group, while these values were 222.98±17.72 μm and 347.42±104.63 μm in the nonsmoker group, respectively. There were no significant differences in these comparisons (p=0.99, p=0.49, respectively). A significant negative correlation was found between smoking exposure and nasal and temporal CT.Conclusion:The results of our study revealed that RNFL thickness was decreased but CMT and CT were not affected in healthy chronic smokers.

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“…The results obtained indicate that patients often conceal the fact of their exposure to smoke. To our knowledge, no publications evaluate the impact of smoking on BRB function; however, there are studies dealing with the influence of smoking on vascular endothelium and discussing the impact of smoking on retinal function [16, 17]. BRB integrity is related to the function of the vascular endothelium; therefore one can expect that smoking and increased oxidative stress influence BRB function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorophotometric Evaluation of Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability in Patients with Essential Hypertension

Pogrzebielski¹,

Lubaszewski

Starzycka³

et al. 2004

Ophthalmologica

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Aim: The fluorophotometric evaluation of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity in patients with essential hypertension (EH) without signs of BRB damage. Material and Methods: 55 subjects participated in the study: 36 patients with EH and 19 normotensive healthy volunteers; 22 men and 33 women. The protocol included ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, fluorophotometry, laboratory tests (total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, serum creatinine concentration, fasting glucose concentration, oral glucose test), urinary cotinine concentration measurement and cotinine-creatinine ratio (CCR) calculation. Results: BRB permeability (P_BRB) in patients with EH was significantly higher than in the control group (2.24 ± 0.68 vs. 1.64 ± 0.64 nm/s; p = 0.003). In hypertensive patients with CCR >50 ng/mg, the P_BRB was significantly higher than the P_BRB in healthy volunteers not exposed to smoke (2.32 vs. 1.68 nm/s; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The P_BRB in patients with EH is significantly higher than that in the normotensive control group, which shows the damaging effect of EH on the BRB.

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Ocular and Orbital Blood Flow in Cigarette Smokers

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and choroid thinning in migraine with aura

Retinal nerve fibre layer, ganglion cell layer and choroid thinning in migraine with aura

The Effect of Smoking on Macular, Choroidal, and Retina Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Fluorophotometric Evaluation of Blood-Retinal Barrier Permeability in Patients with Essential Hypertension

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