Ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a narrative review

Chung, Hyun Uk; Son, Jun Hyuk

doi:10.12701/yujm.2021.01263

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…The detected mutations may promote the progression of the marginal zone lymphoma into DLBCL, but this still has to be confirmed. Based on the available literature, the role of this pathogen is only hypothesized and has to be further analyzed in additional clinical trials [ 109 ]. The clinical course of cases needs to be clarified; there needs to be consistent data on cases so that concise information can be provided on the prognosis and pathogenesis.…”

Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Pathogens and Chronic Immune Stimulation in the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Gergely,

Udvardy,

Illes

2024

Biomedicines

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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is very heterogeneous, with distinct genetic alterations in subtypes. The WHO 2022 5th edition classification identifies several minor groups of large B-cell lymphoma where the pathogenetic role of viruses (like EBV and HHV-8) is identified. Still, most cases fall into the group of DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS). No review focuses only on this specific lymphoma type in the literature. The pathogenesis of this entity is still not fully understood, but several viruses and bacteria may have a role in the development of the disease. The authors review critical pathogenetic events in the development of DLBCL (NOS) and summarize the data available on several pathogenetic viruses and bacteria that have a proven or may have a potential role in the development of this lymphoma type. The possible role of B-cell receptor signaling in the microenvironment is also discussed. The causative role of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), and other viruses are explored. Bacterial infections, such as Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia psittaci, Borrelia burgdorferi, and other bacteria, are also reviewed.

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Section: Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Role of Pathogens and Chronic Immune Stimulation in the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Gergely,

Udvardy,

Illes

2024

Biomedicines

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“…In the following text, we will focus on the biology of ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas (OAMZLs). We refer to other recent reviews for clinical, diagnostic, and pathological aspects of OAMZL [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Ocular Adnexal Marginal Zone Lymphomas

Johansson

Eckstein

Küppers

2022

Cancers

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This review focuses on the biology of ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) (OAMZL) subtype. The ocular adnexa includes all structures and tissues within the orbit except for the eye bulb. In the region of the ocular adnexa, MALT lymphomas represent the most common subtype of lymphoma, accounting for around 8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. These lymphomas are often preceded by inflammatory precursor lesions. Either autoantigens or infectious antigens may lead to disease development by functioning as continuous antigenic triggers. This triggering leads to a constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The role of antigenic stimulation in the pathogenesis of OAMZL is supported by the detection of somatic mutations (partially with further intraclonal diversity) in their rearranged immunoglobulin V genes; hence, their derivation from germinal-center-experienced B cells, by a restricted IGHV gene usage, and the validation of autoreactivity of the antibodies in selected cases. In the established lymphomas, NF-κB activity is further enforced by mutations in various genes regulating NF-κB activity (e.g., TNFAIP3, MYD88), as well as recurrent chromosomal translocations affecting NF-κB pathway components in a subset of cases. Further pathogenetic mechanisms include mutations in genes of the NOTCH pathway, and of epigenetic regulators. While gene expression and sequencing studies are available, the role of differential methylation of lymphoma cells, the role of micro-RNAs, and the contribution of the microenvironment remain largely unexplored.

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“…Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging has shown potential in the detection, staging, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular tumors [11][12] , although its application in OAML patients has been relatively limited. In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the incidence of OAML, particularly in Asian countries, where the incidence is significantly higher than that in Western countries [13][14] . This study collected clinical data and postoperative PET-CT findings from 21 OAML patients in China to explore the role of PET-CT in the diagnosis and treatment of OAML.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guiding function of positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To explore the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML). METHODS: The general clinical data, postoperative PET-CT results, treatment regimens, and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected. Among the 21 patients, five patients underwent surgical treatment alone, 13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy, and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo, with four cases of recurrence and no deaths. Through PET-CT examination, two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis, and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis, while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis. Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation, while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally. CONCLUSION: PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection, aiding in precise disease staging, and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient prognosis.

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Ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a narrative review

Cited by 9 publications

References 97 publications

The Possible Role of Pathogens and Chronic Immune Stimulation in the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The Possible Role of Pathogens and Chronic Immune Stimulation in the Development of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

The Biology of Ocular Adnexal Marginal Zone Lymphomas

Guiding function of positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

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