Octocrylene: From Sunscreens to the Degradation Pathway during Chlorination Processes: Formation of Byproducts and Their Ecotoxicity Assessment

Medici, Antonio; Saviano, Lorenzo; Siciliano, Antonietta; Libralato, Giovanni; Guida, Marco; Previtera, Lucio; Fabio, Giovanni Di; Zarrelli, Armando

doi:10.3390/molecules27165286

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Additionally, it was observed, that for OCR after 30 min exposition, the bioluminescence of marine bacteria increased. The reversal of the response between toxicity and stimulation after 30 min exposition for OCR was confirmed by others [ 95 ]. The lack of intensive luminescence inhibition after exposition to the UV filters characterized by Log K ow > 6, such as OCR (Log K ow = 6.88), EHS (Log K ow = 6.36), and HMS (Log K ow = 6.34), does not unequivocally mean that these compounds are non-toxic [ 100 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests

Marcin,

Aleksander

2023

Toxicol Res.

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UV filters in environmental compartments are a source of concern related to their ecotoxicological effects. However, little is known about UV filters’ toxicity, particularly those released into the environment as mixtures. Acute toxicity of nine organic UV filters benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was determined. UV filter solutions were tested as single, binary, and ternary mixtures of various compositions. Single solutions were tested using a set of bio tests, including tests on saline crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna), marine bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), and freshwater plants (Lemna minor). The tests represent different stages of the trophic chain, and hence their overall results could be used to risk assessment concerning various water reservoirs. The toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures was analyzed using the standardized Microtox® method. Generally, organic UV filters were classified as acutely toxic. Octocrylene was the most toxic for Arthemia franciscana (LC50 = 0.55 mg L–1) and Daphnia magna (EC50 = 2.66–3.67 mg L–1). The most toxic against freshwater plants were homosalate (IC50 = 1.46 mg L–1) and octocrylene (IC50 = 1.95 mg L–1). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EC50 = 1.38–2.16 mg L–1) was the most toxic for marine bacteria. The least toxic for crustaceans and plants were benzophenone-1 (EC50 = 6.15–46.78 mg L–1) and benzophenone-2 (EC50 = 14.15–54.30 mg L–1), while 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor was the least toxic for marine bacteria (EC50 = 12.97–15.44 mg L–1). Individual species differ in their sensitivity to the tested organic UV filters. An assessment of the toxicity of mixtures indicates high and acute toxicity to marine bacteria after exposition to a binary mixture of benzophenone-2 with octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, or homosalate. The toxicity of mixtures was lower than single solutions predicting antagonistic interaction between chemicals. Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests

Marcin,

Aleksander

2023

Toxicol Res.

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“…Contrary, leaching does not provide a clear explanation for the occurrence of octocrylene. Its commercial usage in sunscreens and anti-aging creams started about 15 years ago [56]. However, octocrylene is strongly lipophilic and shows only a low water solubility [8].…”

Section: Reconstruction Of the Pollution History And Contamination Tr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of the pollution history of the Urft reservoir: an organic-geochemical investigation

Schwanen,

Stauch,

Schulte

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Eur

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Background The reconstruction of the pollution history using aquatic sedimentary archives is of major relevance not only for the present and past, but also for future actions. The extent and influence of past anthropogenic emissions can be correlated with site-specific (e.g., industrial) developments as well as political actions, regulations, and initiatives. Finally, the need for further restrictions, specific monitoring or other countermeasures can be defined. Accordingly, within the scope of this study, a drilling core of subaquatic sediment was comprehensively analyzed to reconstruct the pollution history of the Urft reservoir and to understand the linkage between introduction, fate, and behavior of different organic pollutants. Results The Urft reservoir is well suitable for pollution reconstruction as the investigated interval covered a period of nearly 60 years of undisturbed sedimentation of fine-grained material. Additionally, specific input factors and their development (e.g., in industrial production) could be easily correlated with the emission profile detected for the reservoir. Overall, quantitative data of more than 60 lipophilic organic compounds were obtained and traced back to urban and industrial emissions. Concentrations were mainly in the range of ng/gTOC–µg/gTOC showing a decreasing tendency toward the surface and, thus, the effectiveness of political regulations. In addition, a clear maximum was detected for almost all substances at the end of the 1970s/beginning of the 1980s, probably related to an exceptional event such as a flood or a malfunction affecting wastewater-related compounds of both urban and industrial origin. Conclusions Based on the organic-geochemical investigation and the associated dating, it was possible to reconstruct the pollution history of the Urft catchment in the northern Eifel mountains. Overall, organic indicators have proven to be very useful to obtain information on distribution patterns and the influence of industrial as well as governmental actions. For instance, catchment-specific developments such as the closure of ironworks were recognizable in the identified emission patterns. Generally, in the last 50 years, the pollution of the reservoir sediment has decreased clearly showing the efficiency of increasing environmental awareness and corresponding regulations.

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“…Octocrileno: Proporciona protección UVB y es frecuentemente utilizado en combinación con otros filtros solares. Este filtro absorbe principalmente la radiación UVB, la principal responsable del bronceado, pero también de las quemaduras solares y el cáncer de piel [11].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y óxido de plata para uso de protección solar de piel

Rojas Labastida,

Pacheco Julián,

Amaya Parra

et al. 2024

Rev. Ci. Tec.

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El presente artículo, se enfoca en el uso de nanopartículas para el desarrollo de un protector solar para el cuidado de la piel, que contiene nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y nanopartículas de óxido de plata, estas nanopartículas contienen efectos antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios y cicatrizantes, empleando ZnO el cual se propone a ser sintetizado a través del método hidrotermal y las nanopartículas de Ag2O por agitación constante, a través de las caracterizaciones como XRD, Uv-vis, Raman y medición de pH, se buscará obtener datos acerca de nuestras nanopartículas y el producto final que es un protector solar para el cuidado de la piel; las caracterizaciones aportaran datos como la fase cristalina, el grado de absorbancia, y la estructura química de las nanopartículas. De acuerdo a literatura consultada, el uso de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc decoradas con nanopartículas de óxido de plata para uso tópico, tiene propiedades para generar los efectos anteriormente mencionados (antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, antiinflamatorios y cicatrizantes). Actualmente diversos protectores solares emplean óxido de zinc y algunos otros oxido de plata, es por ello que la presente propuesta busca aplicar ambos materiales a escala nanométrica para la elaboración de una crema que, se tiene previsto, en un futuro se pueda utilizar para personas con problemas de piel, tales como la dermatitis, inclusive se plantea el poder usarlo para los diabéticos.

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Octocrylene: From Sunscreens to the Degradation Pathway during Chlorination Processes: Formation of Byproducts and Their Ecotoxicity Assessment

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests

Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests

Reconstruction of the pollution history of the Urft reservoir: an organic-geochemical investigation

Nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y óxido de plata para uso de protección solar de piel

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