Ocrelizumab: A Review in Multiple Sclerosis

Lamb, Yvette N.

doi:10.1007/s40265-022-01672-9

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…20 A robust tool to gather SELs on magnetic resonance images, such as the one described in this work, might help to detect patients with progressive disease earlier and more systematically. The importance of this has further increased with the recent availability of approved new therapies for progressive MS, such as the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Ocrelizumab 22 or the selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator Siponimod. 23…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using an Intelligent Automation Software

Federau

Hainc

Edjlali

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction The assessment of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone. Jazz is a deep-learning based software dedicated to enhance the radiologist in this task. We evaluate Jazz for the assessment of new, slowly expanding, and contrast-enhancing MS lesions in three centers, and compared the reported lesions with the lesions described in the standard report. Methods In three separate centers, 120 MS follow-up MRIs were independently analyzed using Jazz by 2 blinded neuroradiologists. The reading time was recorded. The ground truth was defined in a second reading by side-by-side comparison of both reports from Jazz and the standard clinical report. The number of described new, slowly expanding, and contrast-enhancing lesions described with Jazz was compared to the lesions described in the standard clinical report. Results A total of 96 new lesions from 41 patients and 162 slowly expanding lesions (SELs) from 61 patients were described in the ground truth reading. A significantly larger number of new lesions were described using Jazz compared to the standard clinical report (63 versus 24). No SELs were reported in the standard clinical report, while 95 SELs were reported on average using Jazz. A total of 4 new contrast-enhancing lesions were found in all reports. The reading with Jazz was very time efficient, taking on average 2 min 33 sec +/- 1 min 0 sec per case. Discussion The quality and the productivity of neuroradiological reading of MS follow-up MRI scans can be significantly improved using a dedicated software such as Jazz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using an Intelligent Automation Software

Federau

Hainc

Edjlali

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Ocrelizumab is a recombinant humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of RMS or PPMS patients 62 . It is considered a high-efficacy DMT in reducing disease activity in RMS population 63 , and moderately slowing down the progression in PPMS 64 .…”

Section: Case Presentation and Therapy Discussion - When To Choose Hi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to choose initial treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a case-based approach

Apóstolos

Boaventura

Mendes

et al. 2022

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Background: Immunotherapy dramatically changed the natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS), which was classically associated with severe disability. Treatment strategies advocate that early control of disease activity is crucial to avoid progressive disability, and the use of high efficacy drugs may be beneficial, but safety is a concern. Choosing the disease-modifying therapy is challenging in clinical practice and should be further discussed. Objective: To discuss the state of art of selecting the initial therapy for relapsing MS patients. Methods: We used a case-based approach followed by clinical discussion, exploring therapeutic options in different MS settings. Results: We presented clinical cases profile compatible with the use of MS therapies, classified into moderate and high efficacy. In the moderate efficacy group, we discussed interferons, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate, while in the high efficacy group we discussed fingolimod, cladribine, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, alemtuzumab and ofatumumab. Conclusion: Advances in MS treatment are remarkable. Strong evidence supports the use of early high efficacy therapy. However, biomarkers, clinical and radiologic prognostic factors, as well as patients' individual issues, should be valued and considered for a personalized treatment decision.

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“…Ocrelizumab is a novel humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for treating RRMS and PPMS patients. By binding to CD20, ocrelizumab depletes B cells by complement-dependent lysis and/or antibody-dependent cytotoxicity [ 161 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Ms Therapies On B Cell Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2022

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) known for the manifestation of demyelinated lesions throughout the CNS, leading to neurodegeneration. To date, not all pathological mechanisms that drive disease progression are known, but the clinical benefits of anti-CD20 therapies have put B cells in the spotlight of MS research. Besides their pathological effects in the periphery in MS, B cells gain access to the CNS where they can contribute to disease pathogenesis. Specifically, B cells accumulate in perivascular infiltrates in the brain parenchyma and the subarachnoid spaces of the meninges, but are virtually absent from the choroid plexus. Hence, the possible migration of B cells over the blood–brain-, blood–meningeal-, and blood–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers appears to be a crucial step to understanding B cell-mediated pathology. To gain more insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate B cell trafficking into the brain, we here provide a comprehensive overview of the different CNS barriers in health and in MS and how they translate into different routes for B cell migration. In addition, we review the mechanisms of action of diverse therapies that deplete peripheral B cells and/or block B cell migration into the CNS. Importantly, this review shows that studying the different routes of how B cells enter the inflamed CNS should be the next step to understanding this disease.

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Ocrelizumab: A Review in Multiple Sclerosis

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Improved Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using an Intelligent Automation Software

Improved Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection using an Intelligent Automation Software

How to choose initial treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a case-based approach

Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis

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