Ocorrência de Strongyloides stercoralis em pacientes portadores da síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS)

Dias, Rosa Mª Donini Souza; Mangini, Ana Célia Steffen; Torres, Domingas M. A. G. Vieira; Vellosa, Sylvia Amaral Gurgel; Silva, Maria Ivani P.G da; Silva, Rita Maria da; Corrêa, M. O. A.; Coletti, Claudio

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651992000100003

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In the city of São Paulo, for instance, reports have referred to levels around 12.1 to 24.44%. [15][16][17] However, the latest epidemiological report on Brazil, dated February 1998, shows a cryptosporidiasis rate of only 3.5%. 18 Cryptosporidiasis in AIDS patients usually causes chronic, bulky and intermittent diarrhea, with liquid non-bloody stools, accompanied by pain and abdominal colic, and a noticeable loss of weight can be observed.…”

Section: Cryptosporidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 In a recent study in the city of São Paulo analyzing patients with more severe immunodeficiency, E. histolytica was not observed but G. lamblia cysts were seen in about 27% of the examined patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,17,69 Laboratory diagnosis is based upon the Baerman-Moraes or Rugai-Mattos-Brisola methods, presenting as their basic principle the thermo and hydrotropism of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae seen in stool samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Enteric parasites and AIDS

Cimerman

Lewi

1999

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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Amongst the causes of diarrhea in developing countries, those of a parasitic origin are prominent in patients with AIDS.Opportunistic infections caused by intestinal parasites also vary according to the geographical area and the endemic levels in each location.The progressive decline of immunological and mucous defense mechanisms predisposes patients to early, intermediary and late gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection. 6 At later stages of the disease, the alterations in non-specific defense mechanisms in the production of Ig A and the reduction in local immune cell response also progress, thus increasing the susceptibility to a number of intestinal opportunistic pathogens, among which Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli and Microsporidia species are the most prominent. 7After the emergence of AIDS, these parasites, until then known solely in veterinary medicine, were no longer considered as commensal organisms and are nowadays recognized as opportunistic pathogens common to these patients. Infections by these agents constitute a major secondary aggravating factor of the disease, often responsible for worsening the general health conditions, due to manifestations of diarrhea which are difficult to control, sometimes resulting in the death of the patient. CRYPTOSPORIDIASISCryptosporidiasis, a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan named Cryptosporidium sp, was described for the first time in 1907 by Tyzzer. This parasite was considered a commensal up to 1975, when it was identified as the cause of diarrhea in animals. 8 The first manifestation of cryptosporidiasis was reported by Nine et al. in 1976, and the disease became a major concern when the notification of the first 21 patients was given, 14 of whom died of chronic diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium sp infection. 9 It is worth noting that outbreaks of epidemic linked to contaminated water are of extreme importance for the dissemination of this parasite such as the 1993 Milwaukee (USA) cryptosporidiasis outbreak, in which 403,000 human cases were reported, thereby becoming a relevant public health concern.10-12 After this outbreak, it was recommended that immunocompromised patients should be extremely careful with water, foodstuffs and contact with animals.Cryptosporidiasis is distributed over all continents. In Haiti and the African continent the prevalence is 50%, 13 while in the USA it ranges from 3 to 4%.14 In Brazil, due to the continental size of the country, the rates of incidence vary with the location. In the city of São Paulo, for instance, reports have referred to levels around 12.1 to 24.44%. [15][16][17] However, the latest epidemiological report on Brazil, dated February 1998, shows a cryptosporidiasis rate of only 3.5%. 18Cryptosporidiasis in AIDS patients usually causes chronic, bulky and intermittent diarrhea, with liquid non-bloody stools, accompanied by pain and abdominal colic, and a noticeable loss of weight can be observed. 8Asymptomatic cases are rarely described, occurring mostly in developing countries with pati...

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Section: Cryptosporidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteric parasites and AIDS

Cimerman

Lewi

1999

Sao Paulo Med. J.

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“…Un estudio realizado por Dias y cols., en 2012, en pacientes con y sin infección por VIH, no detectó una diferencia significativa en la prevalencia de la parasitosis observada en los dos grupos 51 . Estudios epidemiológicos que investigaron la ocurrencia de la estrongiloidiasis en pacientes infectados por VIH identificaron frecuencias que variaron desde 2,2 hasta 30,1% y sugirieron que la prevalencia de la infección por el parásito no posee relación directa con el VIH, sino con el status inmunológico que los pacientes presentan 15,52,53 .…”

Section: Estrongiloidiasis E Infección Por Vihunclassified