OCO-3 early mission operations and initial (vEarly) XCO2 and SIF retrievals

Taylor, Thomas E.; Eldering, A.; Merrelli, Aronne; Kiel, Matthäus; Somkuti, Peter; Cheng, Cecilia; Rosenberg, Robert; Fisher, B.; Crisp, David; Basilio, Ralph R.; Bennett, Matthew W.; Cervantes, Daniel; Chang, Albert Y.; Dang, Lan; Frankenberg, Christian; Haemmerle, V.; Keller, Graziela R.; Kurosu, Thomas P.; Laughner, Joshua L.; Lee, Richard; Marchetti, Yuliya; Nelson, Robert R.; O’Dell, C.; Osterman, G. B.; Pavlick, Ryan; Roehl, Coleen M.; Schneider, Robert; Spiers, Gary D.; To, Cathy; Wells, Christopher; Wennberg, P. O.; Yelamanchili, Amruta; Yu, Shanshan

doi:10.1016/j.rse.2020.112032

Cited by 114 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In May 2019 NASA installed OCO-3 [15] on the International Space Station (ISS), a flight spare spectrometer of OCO-2 modified to facilitate observations of selected targets from the nadir-oriented ISS platform. First results confirm the feasibility of CO 2 point-source detection from space [16]. At the time of writing this paper, there are several missions under preparation, most notably MicroCarb (led by CNES) [17] and the geostationary GeoCarb (University of Oklahoma) [18], which also feature high spatial resolution modes for point-source observation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

Sierk

Fernandez²,

Bézy³

et al. 2021

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020

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The European Space Agency (ESA), in collaboration with the European Commission (EC) and EUMETSAT, is developing a space-borne observing system for quantification of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Forming part of the EC's Copernicus programme, the CO 2 monitoring (CO2M) mission will be implemented as a constellation of identical satellites, to be operated over a period of at least 7 years and measuring CO 2 concentration in terms of column-averaged mole fraction (denoted as XCO 2 ). Each satellite will continuously image XCO 2 along the satellite track on the sun-illuminated part of the orbit, with a swath width of >250 km. Observations will be provided at a spatial resolution of 2 x 2 km 2 , with high precision (<0.7 ppm) and accuracy (bias <0.5 ppm). To this end, the payload comprises a suite of instruments addressing the various aspects of the challenging observation requirements: A push-broom imaging spectrometer will perform co-located measurements of top-of-atmosphere radiances in the Near Infrared (NIR) and Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) at high to moderate spectral resolution

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 56%

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

Sierk

Fernandez²,

Bézy³

et al. 2021

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2020

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“…Another solution is to improve SIF sensor designs to facilitate measurements at a much higher spatial and temporal resolutions. For example, the Fluorescence Imaging Spectrometer (FLORIS) onboard the Fluorescence EXplorer (FLEX) satellite can provide SIF at a better spatial resolution than its predecessors (Table 6) [114] and the newly launched Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 instrument (OCO-3) allow for more coverage globally at higher definition [115].…”

Section: Hyperspectral Approaches To Measure Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging approaches to measure photosynthesis from the leaf to the ecosystem

Siebers

Gomez‐Casanovas

et al. 2021

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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Measuring photosynthesis is critical for quantifying and modeling leaf to regional scale productivity of managed and natural ecosystems. This review explores existing and novel advances in photosynthesis measurements that are certain to provide innovative directions in plant science research. First, we address gas exchange approaches from leaf to ecosystem scales. Leaf level gas exchange is a mature method but recent improvements to the user interface and environmental controls of commercial systems have resulted in faster and higher quality data collection. Canopy chamber and micrometeorological methods have also become more standardized tools and have an advanced understanding of ecosystem functioning under a changing environment and through long time series data coupled with community data sharing. Second, we review proximal and remote sensing approaches to measure photosynthesis, including hyperspectral reflectance- and fluorescence-based techniques. These techniques have long been used with aircraft and orbiting satellites, but lower-cost sensors and improved statistical analyses are allowing these techniques to become applicable at smaller scales to quantify changes in the underlying biochemistry of photosynthesis. Within the past decade measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence from earth-orbiting satellites have measured Solar Induced Fluorescence (SIF) enabling estimates of global ecosystem productivity. Finally, we highlight that stronger interactions of scientists across disciplines will benefit our capacity to accurately estimate productivity at regional and global scales. Applying the multiple techniques outlined in this review at scales from the leaf to the globe are likely to advance understanding of plant functioning from the organelle to the ecosystem.

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“…The vEarly quality filtered and bias corrected X CO 2 dataset shows reasonable performance for all viewing modes over land. As described in Taylor et al (2020), the OCO-3 vEarly data contains time dependent residual pointing errors that occasionally exceed OCO-3's footprint size, especially for large azimuth and elevation positions of the PMA. The team is currently investigating possible error sources (including timing errors, mounting angles, PMACal correction table updates) to reduce pointing errors in the next reprocessing campaign.…”

Section: Oco-3 X Co 2 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pointing error in the data analyzed here appears to be below OCO-3's footprint size and the data is well suited for investigations of city scale X CO 2 gradients. A detailed description of the OCO-3 vEarly X CO 2 data product and its data quality is given in (Taylor et al 2020;Osterman et al 2020).…”

Section: Oco-3 X Co 2 Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: a first look at the Los Angeles Megacity 

Kiel

Eldering

Roten

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The OCO-3 instrument was launched on May 4, 2019 from Kennedy Space Center to the International Space Station. Since August 2019, the instrument has taken measurements of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands from which column averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) are derived. The instrument was specifically designed to measure anthropogenic emissions and its snapshot area map (SAM) and target (TG) observational modes allow to scan large contiguous areas (up to 80&#215;80 km2) on a single overpass over emission hotspots like cities, power plants, or volcanoes. These measurements result in fine-scale spatial maps of XCO2 unlike what can be done with any other current space-based instrument. Here, we present and analyze XCO2 distributions over the Los Angeles (LA) megacity derived from multiple OCO-3 TG and SAM mode observations using the vEarly data product. We find that urban XCO2 values are elevated by 2-6 ppm relative to a clean background. The dense, high resolution OCO-3 observations reveal fine-scale, intra-urban variations of XCO2 over the LA megacity that have not been observed from space before. We further analyze the intra-urban characteristics and compare the XCO2 enhancements observed by OCO-3 with simulated values from two models that can resolve XCO2 variations across the city: an Eulerian (WRF-Chem) and a Lagrangian approach (X-STILT). We show that the observed variations are mainly driven by the complex and highly variable meteorological condition in the LA Basin. Median XCO2 differences between model and observation are typically below 1.3 ppm over the entirety of the LA megacity with slightly larger differences for some sub regions. Further, we find that OCO-3&#8217;s multi-swath measurements capture about three times as much of the city emissions compared to single-swath overpasses. In the future, these observations will help to better constrain urban emissions at finer spatiotemporal scales.

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OCO-3 early mission operations and initial (vEarly) XCO2 and SIF retrievals

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

Emerging approaches to measure photosynthesis from the leaf to the ecosystem

Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: a first look at the Los Angeles Megacity

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OCO-3 early mission operations and initial (vEarly) XCO2 and SIF retrievals

Cited by 114 publications

References 30 publications

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

The Copernicus CO2M mission for monitoring anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from space

Emerging approaches to measure photosynthesis from the leaf to the ecosystem

Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: a first look at the Los Angeles Megacity&#160;

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Urban-focused satellite CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3: a first look at the Los Angeles Megacity