Ockham on Judgment, Concepts, and The Problem of Intentionality

Abstract

Introduction In this paper I examine William Ockham's theory of judgment — in particular, his account of the nature and ontological Status of its objects. ‘Judgment’ (Latin iudicio) is the expression Ockham and other medieval thinkers use to refer to a certain subset of what philosophers nowadays call ‘propositional attitudes’. Judgments include all and only those mental states in which a subject not only entertains a given propositional content, but also takes some positive stance with respect to its truth. For Ockham, therefore, as for other medievals, a judgment is a type of mental State that includes attitudes such as belief, knowledge, opinion, doubt, faith, and so on.

The motivations for Walter Burley’s theory of the proposition

“…More generally, then, Burley does not appear to recognize any real distinction between force and content. 46 Rather, one's attitudes simple are the activity of combining or dividing things with or from one another in a certain forceful way, where that activity -one thing's being predicated of another -is the formation of a proposition.…”

Between the Supernatural and the Natural: Ockham on Evident Judgements

“…In this paper, however, my primary concern is not to add to the project of meeting the sceptical worries arising from this possibility. 5 -Toland (2007-Toland ( , 2015, Karger (1995), Panaccio (2009), Schierbaum (2014203-214 Ockham emphasizes that an intuition of a cannot be caused by a thing b, no matter how much a and b are alike. 10 This illustrates that an intuitive act is exclusively individuated by its cause.…”

Language attitudes towards English accent varieties

“…According to the general taxonomy provided by philosophers (Guttenplan 1994;Levy 2005;Brower-Toland 2007;Wasserman and Liao 2008;Ball 2009;Bykvist 2009;Finlay 2010;and Sommers 2010), sociologists (DeLamater 2000; Hitlin and Piliavin 2004;Weinberg 2006;and Pestello 2007), psychologists (Ajzen 1994;Davies and Ostrom 1994;Bainbridge 2001b;Nguyen 2006;Smith et al 2006;Dreezens et al 2008;and Clarkson et al 2009) and linguists (Fasold 1984;Wolfram and Schilling-Estes 1998;Garrett 2010), attitudes are, in general, positive or negative reactions to or evaluations of various social issues.…”