Ochratoxin A: Overview of Prevention, Removal, and Detoxification Methods

Ding, Lijuan; Han, Meihua; Wang, Xiangtao; Guo, Yifei

doi:10.3390/toxins15090565

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Despite minor structural differences in functional groups, the ochratoxins exhibit significant variations in toxicity, with OTA being the most potent [ 139 ]. An amide bond connects dihydrocoumarin and L-β-phenylalanine in its structure [ 140 ].…”

Section: Major Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry

Okasha,

Song,

Song

2024

Toxins

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The presence of mycotoxins and their masked forms in chicken feed poses a significant threat to both productivity and health. This review examines the multifaceted impacts of mycotoxins on various aspects of chicken well-being, encompassing feed efficiency, growth, immunity, antioxidants, blood biochemistry, and internal organs. Mycotoxins, toxic substances produced by fungi, can exert detrimental effects even at low levels of contamination. The hidden or masked forms of mycotoxins further complicate the situation, as they are not easily detected by conventional methods but can be converted into their toxic forms during digestion. Consequently, chickens are exposed to mycotoxin-related risks despite apparently low mycotoxin levels. The consequences of mycotoxin exposure in chickens include reduced feed efficiency, compromised growth rates, impaired immune function, altered antioxidant levels, disturbances in blood biochemical parameters, and adverse effects on internal organs. To mitigate these impacts, effective management strategies are essential, such as routine monitoring of feed ingredients and finished feeds, adherence to proper storage practices, and the implementation of feed detoxification methods and mycotoxin binders. Raising awareness of these hidden hazards is crucial for safeguarding chicken productivity and health.

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Section: Major Types Of Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms In Chickensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry

Okasha,

Song,

Song

2024

Toxins

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“…In recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on the identification of various approaches aimed at reducing the contamination of food with OTA mycotoxin [ 9 ]. Currently, there is a lack of a universally accepted technique for the thorough detoxification of OTA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of a Red Orange and Lemon Extract (RLE) on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats

Longobardi,

Damiano,

Vaccaro

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a highly potent mycotoxin that contaminates many kinds of food and feed sources. Its significant impact on human health and animal productivity makes it a topic of particular concern. The role of specific bioactive compounds used as dietary antioxidants is believed to be substantial due to their capacity to act as free radical scavengers. Because of the well-known oxidative stress induced by OTA, the primary objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of a standardized powder extract recovered from citrus processing waste, red orange and lemon extract (RLE), on liver damage induced by OTA in a rat model. This study aimed to examine the impact of oral administration of RLE (90 mg/kg b.w.) on hepatic function and oxidative balance in Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 6/group) treated with OTA (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) over a period of 14 days. The administration of OTA alone resulted in both biochemical changes and an imbalance in redox status in the liver. However, the use of RLE alleviated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and dramatically decreased the serum levels of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), and ALP (alkaline phosphatase), providing evidence of its protective benefits. Based on the findings from liver histology tests, the administration of RLE resulted in mitigation of lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, steatosis, and necrosis in the OTA group. These results indicate that the novel phytoextract RLE holds potential for application in the field of nutraceuticals.

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“…After the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract, binding to serum proteins (mainly albumin) follows ( 8 , 9 ). ΟTA is enzymatically hydrolyzed to the less toxic ochratoxin-α (OTα) by intestinal microbes, whereas the cytochrome P450 system in the liver is associated with the hydroxylation of OTA to various forms of OTA-OH ( 10 , 11 ). OTA is a major nephrotoxic agent, whereas it can also induce immunotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic effects ( 7 , 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a multicomponent binding agent against combined exposure to zearalenone and ochratoxin A in weaned pigs

Tassis,

Raj,

Floros

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionThe study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel multicomponent substance against combined exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in weaned piglets.MethodsIn total, 60 piglets at the age of 28 days were equally allocated to four experimental groups (A–D), consisting of eight female and seven male piglets each (15 animals per group, for a total trial duration of 42 days). Animals from group A received typical weaner feed without mycotoxins or the test product [multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA)]. Group B animals received the same weaner feed contaminated with 0.992 mg ZEN/kg feed and 0.531 mg OTA/kg feed without the addition of the MMDA. Animals in group C received the same contaminated feed as group B with the addition of 1.5 g MMDA/kg feed, whereas group D received the same feed as group B with the inclusion of 3 g MMDA/kg feed. Clinical signs and performance parameters [body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR)] were evaluated, while mycotoxin residues were also assessed in the liver and kidney tissues.ResultsFindings showed improved FCR in the group that received the greatest dose of the test product (3 g MMDA/kg feed) compared to the group that received the lower dose (1.5 g MMDA/kg feed). A few hematological and biochemical parameters were slightly altered, predominantly within normal limits. The residue analysis demonstrated a reduction of OTA in liver samples, a-ZEL in the liver and total tested samples, and a total of ZEN and metabolite contents in all samples of the group that received the greatest MMDA dose in comparison to the group that received the toxins without the addition of the test product.DiscussionTherefore, a positive effect of the MMDA at the greatest dosage regime on reducing bioavailability and tissue deposition of ZEN and OTA, with a particularly positive effect on FCR in weaned pigs, is suggested under concurrent ZEN and OTA exposure in vivo.

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Ochratoxin A: Overview of Prevention, Removal, and Detoxification Methods

Cited by 24 publications

References 106 publications

Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry

Hidden Hazards Revealed: Mycotoxins and Their Masked Forms in Poultry

Protective Effects of a Red Orange and Lemon Extract (RLE) on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Ochratoxin A in Rats

Efficacy of a multicomponent binding agent against combined exposure to zearalenone and ochratoxin A in weaned pigs

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