Ochratoxin A Dietary Exposure of Ten Population Groups in the Czech Republic: Comparison with Data over the World

Abstract

Ochratoxin A is a nephrotoxic and renal carcinogenic mycotoxin and is a common contaminant of various food commodities. Eighty six kinds of foodstuffs (1032 food samples) were collected in 2011–2013. High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used for ochratoxin A determination. Limit of quantification of the method varied between 0.01–0.2 μg/kg depending on the food matrices. The most exposed population is children aged 4–6 years old. Globally for this group, the maximum ochratoxin A dietary exposure for “average consumer” was estimated at 3.3 ng/kg bw/day (lower bound, considering the analytical values below the limit of quantification as 0) and 3.9 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound, considering the analytical values below the limit of quantification as 1/2 limit of quantification). Important sources of exposure for this latter group include grain-based products, confectionery, meat products and fruit juice. The dietary intake for “high consumers” in the group 4–6 years old was estimated from grains and grain-based products at 19.8 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound), from tea at 12.0 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound) and from confectionery at 6.5 ng/kg bw/day (middle bound). For men aged 18–59 years old beer was the main contributor with an intake of 2.60 ng/kg bw/day (“high consumers”, middle bound). Tea and grain-based products were identified to be the main contributors for dietary exposure in women aged 18–59 years old. Coffee and wine were identified as a higher contributor of the OTA intake in the population group of women aged 18–59 years old compared to the other population groups.

Determination of ochratoxin A in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) by enzymatic digestion (ED) coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD)

“…As cereals are widely used in animal feed, animals are potentially exposed to OTA through the consumption of contaminated feed, which can lead to the accumulation of this mycotoxin in meat and meat products (EFSA, 2004). Ranging OTA levels of 0.1-1 µg/kg have been detected in foodstuffs of animal origin (pork and chicken meat, dry-cured ham) (European Union, 2002;EFSA, 2004;Ostry et al, 2015).…”

Ochratoxin A in Beers Marketed in Portugal: Occurrence and Human Risk Assessment

“…Its occurrence was reported in Brazil [14], South Africa [18], Iran [21,22], Turkey [23], China [24], Japan [25], and Europe [13,20]. Namely, European studies reported it in Germany [26], Belgium [17], Spain [2], Italy [21,27], and the Czech Republic [19,28].…”

Development and validation of a SPE-UHPLC-fluorescence method for the analysis of ochratoxin-a in certain Turkish wines

“…OTA possesses immunotoxic, nephrotoxic, embryotoxic, teratogenic, hepatotoxic, genotoxic, neurotoxic, and carcinogenic effects. Moreover, OTA has a long half-life (about 35 days) in human serum, meaning that it cannot be eliminated quickly from the plasma [1][2][3][4][5]. All of these factors make OTA among the most interesting of mycotoxins.…”