Ocfentanil overdose fatality in the recreational drug scene

Coopman, Vera; Cordonnier, Jan; Leeuw, Marc De; Cirimele, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.07.005

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The drug has recently been detected in the hidden market as an adulterant of heroin (78). Deaths involving ocfentanil were reported in Belgium (65) and in Switzerland (66), and the cases are summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Fentanyl Carfentanil and Non-pharmaceutical Fentanyls (Npf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids

Zawilska

2017

Front. Psychiatry

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The abuse of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has been increasing dramatically worldwide since late 2000s. By the end of 2015, more than 560 NPS had been reported to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Although the most popular compounds are synthetic cannabinoids and psychostimulatory derivatives of cathinone (so-called β-keto-amphetamines), novel synthetic opioids have recently emerged on the recreational drug market. They include fentanyl (a potent narcotic analgesic) and its analogs (e.g., acetylfentanyl, acryloylfentanyl, carfentanil, α-methylfentanyl, 3-methylfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, 4-fluorobutyrylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrylfentanyl, 4-chloroisobutyrylfentanyl, 4-fluoroisobutyrylfentanyl, tetrahydrofuranylfentanyl, cyclopentylfentanyl, and ocfentanil) and compounds with different chemical structures, such as AH-7921, MT-45, and U-47700. This survey provides an overview of the pharmacological properties, pattern of use, and desired and unwanted effects of the above-listed novel opioids. Special emphasis is given to cases of non-fatal and lethal intoxication involving these compounds.

show abstract

Section: Fentanyl Carfentanil and Non-pharmaceutical Fentanyls (Npf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Expanding World of Novel Psychoactive Substances: Opioids

Zawilska

2017

Front. Psychiatry

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The recognition and analysis of highly potent, new psychotropic substances (NPS) in tissues are challenging in postmortem toxicology. A multidisciplinary approach with exchange of circumstantial evidence is vital, as experienced in this and previous cases [14]. The powder was found to be insoluble in methanol and ultrapure water (native and alkaline).…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Extractionmentioning

confidence: 79%

A case of acute intoxication due to combined use of fentanyl and 3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700)

Coopman¹,

Blanckaert

Parys

et al. 2016

Forensic Science International

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…No difference between FENS, particularly 3‐methyl fentanyl (3MF), acetyl fentanyl (ACFEN), butyr fentanyl (BFEN) and ocfentanil (INN), FEN and opioids were noted in postmortem examinations (Coopman, Cordonnier, De Leeuw, & Cirimele, ; Cunningham, Haikal, & Kraner, ; Dussy et al, ; Takase, Koizumi, Fujimoto, Yanai, & Fujimiya, ) . The only exception was a nonfatal case of butyrfentanyl intoxication, where widespread alveolar haemorrhage was found (excluded from our tab; Cole, Dunbar, McIntire, Regelmann, & Slusher, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ACFEN, (Cunningham et al, ; McIntyre, Trochta, Gary, Malamatos, & Lucas, ; Yonemitsu, Sasao, Mishima, Ohtsu, & Nishitani, ), 3MF (Ojanperä et al, ), and BFEN (McIntyre, Trochta, Gary, Wright, & Mena, ) were mostly injected. Inhalation/insufflation of FENS and especially of INN and ACFEN is possible (Marquardt & Tharratt, ); though the number of inhalation‐related deaths is still low (Palamalai et al, , Takase et al, ; Coopman et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%