Oceanography of the U.S. Pacific Northwest Coastal Ocean and estuaries with application to coastal ecology

Hickey, Barbara M.; Banas, Neil S.

doi:10.1007/bf02803360

Cited by 328 publications

(306 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This inflow in the summer months is fed by coastal upwelling which supplies most of the macronutrients available for production (Mackas and Harrison 1997;Hickey and Banas 2003 In the Georgia Strait, the nutrient concentrations are similar at depth, but reach zero for nitrate and near zero for phosphate in the surface during the summer months. This strongly suggests effects of local primary productivity and consumption of nutrients from the surface layers during the summer.…”

Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model

et al. 2012

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Nutrient pollution from rivers, nonpoint source runoff, and nearly 100 wastewater discharges is a potential threat to the ecological health of Puget Sound with evidence of hypoxia in some basins. However, the relative contributions of loads entering Puget Sound from natural and anthropogenic sources, and the effects of exchange flow from the Pacific Ocean are not well understood. Development of a quantitative model of Puget Sound is thus presented to help improve our understanding of the annual biogeochemical cycles in this system using the unstructured grid FiniteVolume Coastal Ocean Model framework and the Integrated Compartment Model (CE-QUAL-ICM) water quality kinetics. Results based on 2006 data show that phytoplankton growth and die-off, succession between two species of algae, nutrient dynamics, and dissolved oxygen in Puget Sound are strongly tied to seasonal variation of temperature, solar radiation, and the annual exchange and flushing induced by upwelled Pacific Ocean waters. Concentrations in the mixed outflow surface layer occupying approximately 5-20 m of the upper water column show strong effects of eutrophication from natural and anthropogenic sources, spring and summer algae blooms, accompanied by depleted nutrients but high dissolved oxygen levels. The bottom layer reflects dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations of upwelled Pacific Ocean water modulated by mixing with biologically active surface outflow in the Strait of Juan de Fuca prior to entering Puget Sound over the Admiralty Inlet. The effect of reflux mixing at the Admiralty Inlet sill resulting in lower nutrient and higher dissolved oxygen levels in bottom waters of Puget Sound than the incoming upwelled Pacific Ocean water is reproduced. By late winter, with the reduction in algal activity, water column constituents of interest, were renewed and the system appeared to reset with cooler temperature, higher nutrient, and higher dissolved oxygen waters from the Pacific Ocean.

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Section: Boundary Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model

et al. 2012

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“…Using 16S amplicon pyrosequencing, we characterized bacterioplankton communities from 300 water samples collected across the Columbia River coastal margin over an annual cycle. The coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest are highly productive because of nutrient delivery from seasonal upwelling and from the Juan de Fuca strait and Columbia River (Hickey and Banas, 2003). The biological and physical processes of these coastal waters are complex because of variable winds, remote wind forcing, shelf width and submarine canyons Banas, 2003, 2008;Hickey et al, 2010), which in turn may differentially affect the composition of bacterioplankton communities along the Oregon and Washington coasts (Fortunato and Crump, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial variability overwhelms seasonal patterns in bacterioplankton communities across a river to ocean gradient

et al. 2011

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Few studies of microbial biogeography address variability across both multiple habitats and multiple seasons. Here we examine the spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton community composition of the Columbia River coastal margin using 16S amplicon pyrosequencing of 300 water samples collected in 2007 and 2008. Communities separated into seven groups (ANOSIM, Po0.001): river, estuary, plume, epipelagic, mesopelagic, shelf bottom (deptho350 m) and slope bottom (depth4850 m). The ordination of these samples was correlated with salinity (q ¼ À0.83) and depth (q ¼ À0.62). Temporal patterns were obscured by spatial variability among the coastal environments, and could only be detected within individual groups. Thus, structuring environmental factors (for example, salinity, depth) dominate over seasonal changes in determining community composition. Seasonal variability was detected across an annual cycle in the river, estuary and plume where communities separated into two groups, early year (April-July) and late year (August-Nov), demonstrating annual reassembly of communities over time. Determining both the spatial and temporal variability of bacterioplankton communities provides a framework for modeling these communities across environmental gradients from river to deep ocean.

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“…Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing, we characterized bacterioplankton communities from 596 water samples collected across the Columbia River coastal margin from 2007 to 2010. The coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest are highly productive due to nutrients supplied by seasonal upwelling and freshwater inputs (Hickey and Banas, 2003). The biological and physical processes of these waters are complex due to variable winds, remote wind forcing, shelf width, and submarine canyons (Hickey and Banas, 2008;Hickey et al, 2010), which in turn may differentially affect the composition of bacterioplankton communities along the Oregon and Washington coasts (Fortunato and Crump, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining indicator taxa across spatial and seasonal gradients in the Columbia River coastal margin

et al. 2013

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Bacterioplankton communities are deeply diverse and highly variable across space and time, but several recent studies demonstrate repeatable and predictable patterns in this diversity. We expanded on previous studies by determining patterns of variability in both individual taxa and bacterial communities across coastal environmental gradients. We surveyed bacterioplankton diversity across the Columbia River coastal margin, USA, using amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes from 596 water samples collected from 2007 to 2010. Our results showed seasonal shifts and annual reassembly of bacterioplankton communities in the freshwater-influenced Columbia River, estuary, and plume, and identified indicator taxa, including species from freshwater SAR11, Oceanospirillales, and Flavobacteria groups, that characterize the changing seasonal conditions in these environments. In the river and estuary, Actinobacteria and Betaproteobacteria indicator taxa correlated strongly with seasonal fluctuations in particulate organic carbon (q ¼ À 0.664) and residence time (q ¼ 0.512), respectively. In contrast, seasonal change in communities was not detected in the coastal ocean and varied more with the spatial variability of environmental factors including temperature and dissolved oxygen. Indicator taxa of coastal ocean environments included SAR406 and SUP05 taxa from the deep ocean, and Prochlorococcus and SAR11 taxa from the upper water column. We found that in the Columbia River coastal margin, freshwater-influenced environments were consistent and predictable, whereas coastal ocean community variability was difficult to interpret due to complex physical conditions. This study moves beyond beta-diversity patterns to focus on the occurrence of specific taxa and lends insight into the potential ecological roles these taxa have in coastal ocean environments.

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Oceanography of the U.S. Pacific Northwest Coastal Ocean and estuaries with application to coastal ecology

Cited by 328 publications

References 55 publications

Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model

Simulation of annual biogeochemical cycles of nutrient balance, phytoplankton bloom(s), and DO in Puget Sound using an unstructured grid model

Spatial variability overwhelms seasonal patterns in bacterioplankton communities across a river to ocean gradient

Determining indicator taxa across spatial and seasonal gradients in the Columbia River coastal margin

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