Oceanography of the Black Sea: A review of some recent results

Özsoy, Emi̇n; Ünlüata, Ümi̇t

doi:10.1016/s0012-8252(97)81859-4

Cited by 318 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The vertical salinity field shows that the variations are confined to the upper layer. The modelled structure of the water mass is in good agreement with reported observations (Blatov et al 1984;Ozsoy and Unluata 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The Rim Current is approximately 40-60 km wide, the current speed at its core varies typically between 25 and 35 cm/s and reaches a maximum velocity of up to 50 cm/s in places where it merges with an anticyclonic eddy. Simulated parameters of the Rim Current coincide with observations (Blatov et al 1984;Ozsoy and Unluata 1997;Korotaev et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The size of eddies varies from 10 to more than 100 km and their lifetimes vary from days to months. The predominant mesoscale eddies present both in the simulations and observations (Ozsoy and Unluata 1997) are listed in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamic modelling of mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea

et al. 2005

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A three dimensional structure of mesoscale circulation in the Black Sea is simulated using the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System. A number of sensitivity tests reveal the response of the model to changes in the horizontal resolution, time steps, and diffusion coefficients. Three numerical grids are examined with x-fine (3.2 km), fine (6.7 km) and coarse (25 km) resolution. It is found that the coarse grid significantly overestimates the energy of the currents and is not adequate even for the study of basin-scale circulation. The x-fine grid, on the other hand, does not give significant advantages compared to the fine grid, and the latter is used for the bulk of simulations. The most adequate parameters are chosen from the sensitivity study and used to model both the basin-scale circulation and day-to-day variability of mesoscale currents for the months of May and June of 2000. The model is forced with actual wind data every 6 h and monthly climatic data for evaporation, precipitation, heat fluxes and river run-off. The results of the fine grid model are compared favourably against the satellite imagery. The model adequately reproduces the general circulation and many mesoscale features including cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, jets and filaments in different parts of the Black Sea. The model gives a realistic geographical distribution and parameters of mesoscale currents, such as size, shape and evolution of the eddies.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

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Hydrodynamic modelling of mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea

et al. 2005

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“…In a modelling exercise carried out for multispecies in Mediterranean and Atlantic Spanish waters, a higher preference for areas with a lower temporal variability in average SST and cooler waters than the overall average was observed (Cañadas et al 2005). This is consistent with this approach, as SST variability across the Black Sea basin seems to be lower throughout the south and towards offshore waters, away from the northwestern and coastal shelves (Ozsoy andUnluata 1997, Shapiro et al 2010), where less probability of presence for common dolphins was detected in this study (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Highly productive areas have also been reported in other areas to be the preferred habitat of this species (Reilly 1990, Fiedler and Reilly 1994, Cañadas and Hammond 2008. A review of satellite data in the Black Sea indicates persistent upwelling in summer towards the Turkish coast (see Ozsoy and Unluata 1997), where our prediction map for the species in summer shows the higher probability of occurrence (Fig. 3A).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Habitat preferences among three top predators inhabiting a degraded ecosystem, the Black Sea

Sánchez-Cabanes¹,

Nimak-Wood²,

Harris³

et al. 2017

Sci. Mar.

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Summary: This study investigated whether there is evidence of widespread niche partitioning based on environmental factors in the Black Sea and tested the hypothesis that physiographic factors may be employed as predictors. It addresses poorly researched areas with good habitat potential for the only three cetacean subspecies living in this area: the Black Sea short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis spp. ponticus), the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus spp. ponticus) and the Black Sea harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena spp. relicta). Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to analyse data collected from multiple sources. In total, 745 sightings of the three species between 1998 and 2010 throughout the Black Sea were included. The analysis found depth and sea surface temperature to be the most important variables for separating the occurrence of the three species. Common dolphins occurred mainly in deep waters and in areas where the sea surface temperature was low, bottlenose dolphins were distributed primarily in shallower and warmer waters than common dolphins, and harbour porpoises were distributed in shallower waters with lower sea surface temperature than bottlenose dolphins. This study suggests strong niche segregation among the three cetacean species. The study is also the first contribution to the basic information of cetacean species distribution and habitat preferences in the Black Sea as a whole. Knowledge of the distribution of the three dolphin species in the study area is essential to establish conservation measures for these populations.Keywords: Black Sea; bottlenose dolphin; common dolphin; GAM; habitat preferences; harbour porpoise; niche segregation; spatial modelling. Preferencias de hábitat de tres superpredadores en el mar NegroResumen: El presente trabajo analiza si existen evidencias de partición de nicho en base a factores ecológicos básicos en el mar Negro, así como si dichos factores pueden ser empleados como predictores de distribución en zonas pobremente muestreadas con respecto a las tres especies de cetáceos que habitan el área: el delfín común del mar Negro (Delphinus delphis spp. ponticus), el delfín mular del mar Negro (Tursiops truncatus spp. ponticus) y la marsopa del mar Negro (Phocoena phocoena spp. relicta). Se usaron Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (GAMs) para analizar grupos de datos provenientes de múltiples fuentes. En total fueron incluidos 745 avistamientos de las tres especies entre los años 1998 y 2000. El análisis indica que las variables profundidad y temperatura superficial del mar fueron las más influyentes a la hora de segregar las especies espacialmente. La distribución del delfín común indicó una relación positiva con aguas más profundas y frías, mientras el delfín mular y la marsopa con aguas más superficiales y cálidas, tendiendo esta última a localizarse en aguas más frías con respecto al delfín mular. Este trabajo sugiere, por lo tanto, que existe una importante segregación de nicho entre las tres especies de cetáceos. Este análi...

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Black Sea thermohaline properties: Long‐term trends and variations

et al. 2017

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The current knowledge about spatial and temporal dynamics of the Black Sea's thermohaline structure is incomplete because of missing data and sparse distribution of existing measurements in space and time. This study presents 56 year continuous simulations of the Black Sea's hydrodynamics using the 3D General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM), without incorporating any relaxation toward climatological or observational data fields. This property of the model allows us to estimate independent temporal trends, in addition to resolving the spatial structure. The simulations suggest that the intermediate layer temperature is characterized by a weak positive trend (warming), whereas the surface temperature does not show a clear linear trend. Different salinity trends have been established at the surface (negative), upper (weaker negative) and main halocline (positive). Three distinct dynamic periods are identified (1960–1970, 1970–1995, 1995–2015), which exhibit pronounced changes in the Black Sea's thermohaline properties and basin circulation. Strengthening of the main cyclonic circulation, accompanied by intensification of the mesoscale anticyclonic eddy formation is found. Both events strongly affect the sea surface salinity but contribute in opposing directions. Specifically, strong composite large‐scale circulation leads to an increase in sea surface salinity, while enhanced formation of mesoscale anticyclones decreases it. Salinity evolution with time is thus the result of the competition of these two opposing yet interdependent processes.

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Oceanography of the Black Sea: A review of some recent results

Cited by 318 publications

References 69 publications

Hydrodynamic modelling of mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea

Hydrodynamic modelling of mesoscale eddies in the Black Sea

Habitat preferences among three top predators inhabiting a degraded ecosystem, the Black Sea

Black Sea thermohaline properties: Long‐term trends and variations

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