Oceanic Wastewater Outfall Plume Characteristics Measured Acoustically

Dammann, W. Paul; Proni, John R.; Craynogk, J. F.; Fergen, Robert E.

doi:10.1080/02757549108035245

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Wastewaters can contain numerous types of chromophores, including humic substances, phenols, steroids, oils, nonvolatile acids, and detergents, so that their absorption and fluorescence spectra are likely to contain broad features rather than specific peaks. However, as mentioned earlier, Ahrnad et al [1993] Up to now, in situ and real-time detection of old plume waters has only been done by adding tracers [Faisst et al, 1990] or using acoustic methods [Dammann et al, 1991]. But tracer techniques are intrusive and costly methods, which involve intensive preparation (adjustment of tracer buoyancy and coagulation efficiency, dilution of tracer, coordination with cruise time), and acoustic methods can be imprecise due to background signals.…”

Section: Potential Techniques To Monitor Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In laboratory experiments, fluorescence at Ex/Em = 228/340 nm was associated with the presence of aromatic amino acids, either free or as protein constituents, so this Ex/Em signal is referred to as protein-like fluorescence [Wolbeis, 1985] Up to now, in situ and real-time detection of old plume waters has only been done by adding tracers [Faisst et al, 1990] or using acoustic methods [Dammann et al, 1991]. But tracer techniques are intrusive and costly methods, which involve intensive preparation (adjustment of tracer buoyancy and coagulation efficiency, dilution of tracer, coordination with cruise time), and acoustic methods can be imprecise due to background signals.…”

Section: Potential Techniques To Monitor Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of a sewage plume on the biology, optical characteristics, and particle size distributions of coastal waters

Petrenko¹,

Jones²,

Dickey³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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Section: Potential Techniques To Monitor Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Techniques To Monitor Sewagementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a sewage plume on the biology, optical characteristics, and particle size distributions of coastal waters

Petrenko¹,

Jones²,

Dickey³

et al. 1997

J. Geophys. Res.

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“… Kim et al [2009a, 2009b] used surface currents derived from High Frequency (HF) Radar to assess surface coastal plumes off the coast of southern California. Traditional methods of in situ plume detection for spatial studies include using natural tracers associated with the effluent [ Jones et al , 1990, 1991, 1993; Washburn et al , 1992, Wu et al , 1994], acoustic backscatter methods [ Dammann et al , 1991; Besiktepe et al , 1995; Petrenko et al , 1998] and introduced tracer techniques [ Proni et al , 1994; Carvalho et al , 2002; Hunt et al , 2010]. Since these methods employ boat‐based sampling at pre‐determined stations, data analysis is often complicated by spatial aliasing and plume patchiness resulting in uncertainty when mapping the extent of the plume and measuring its characteristics [ Ramos et al , 2007].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping ocean outfall plumes and their mixing using autonomous underwater vehicles

et al. 2012

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[1] This paper reports on developing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) survey methods for ocean outfall discharge plumes and new insights gained on plume mixing. Unique to the study is mapping the discharge mixing using colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) calibrated for effluent dilution. AUV mission planning methodologies for discharge plume sampling, plume characterization using onboard temperature, salinity and optical sensors, and comparison of observational data to model results are presented for the Point Loma Ocean Outfall offshore of San Diego, CA. The results are expected to be applicable to the general theme of mixing of submerged buoyant discharges. In the near-field, the plume is found to mix to a height consistent with the predictions of buoyant jet engineering models. At the far-field, the fine spatial scales of the plume resolved by the vehicle suggests that shear instabilities caused by internal waves can enhance plume mixing and elevate the discharge plume above the predicted equilibrium rise height. These results suggest that even under variable oceanic conditions, properly planned missions for AUVs equipped with an optical CDOM sensor in addition to traditional physical oceanographic sensors, can accurately map the mixing of ocean outfall plumes at resolutions not possible with traditional boat-based techniques. Variations of oceanic conditions are found to influence the mixing and fate of the plume at time scales generally not considered in the design of these discharges.

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“…Traditional methods of plume detection include using natural tracers associated with the effiuent (Jones et al 1990(Jones et al , 1991(Jones et al , 1993Washburn et al 1992;Wu et al 1994), acoustic backscatter methods (Dammann et al 1991;Besiktepe et al 1995;Petrenko et al 1998) and introduced tracer techniques (Proni et al 1994;Carvalho et al 2002;Hunt et al 2010). Since these methods are traditionally employed from boats operating in a survey mode or involve capturing water samples at a limited number of stations, the analysis of the data is often difficult due to spatial and temporal aliasing that may not define the full extent of the plume, making it difficult to obtain a more synoptic dataset that accurately represents the plume's dynamic characteristics (Ramos et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean outfall plume characterization using an autonomous underwater vehicle

Rogowski

Terrill

Otero

et al. 2013

Water Science and Technology

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A monitoring mission to map and characterize the Point Loma Ocean Outfall (PLOO) wastewater plume using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) was performed on 3 March 2011. The mobility of an AUV provides a significant advantage in surveying discharge plumes over traditional cast-based methods, and when combined with optical and oceanographic sensors, provides a capability for both detecting plumes and assessing their mixing in the near and far-fields. Unique to this study is the measurement of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the discharge plume and its application for quantitative estimates of the plume's dilution. AUV mission planning methodologies for discharge plume sampling, plume characterization using onboard optical sensors, and comparison of observational data to model results are presented. The results suggest that even under variable oceanic conditions, properly planned missions for AUVs equipped with an optical CDOM sensor in addition to traditional oceanographic sensors, can accurately characterize and track ocean outfall plumes at higher resolutions than cast-based techniques.

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Oceanic Wastewater Outfall Plume Characteristics Measured Acoustically

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of a sewage plume on the biology, optical characteristics, and particle size distributions of coastal waters

Effects of a sewage plume on the biology, optical characteristics, and particle size distributions of coastal waters

Mapping ocean outfall plumes and their mixing using autonomous underwater vehicles

Ocean outfall plume characterization using an autonomous underwater vehicle

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