Oceanic efflux of ancient marine dissolved organic carbon in primary marine aerosol

Beaupré, Steven R.; Kieber, David J.; Keene, W. C.; Long, M. S.; Maben, J. R.; Lu, Xixi; Zhu, Yuting; Frossard, A. A.; Kinsey, Joanna; Duplessis, Patrick; Chang, Rachel Y.-­W.; Bisgrove, John

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax6535

Cited by 35 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The photic zone contains dissolved organic matter composed of carbohydrates and particles containing viruses, bacteria, algae, and organic dedritus that can bind together by exopolymer gels and contribute to the MBL aerosol budget after bubble bursting (Bigg et al, ; Facchini, Rinaldi, et al, ; Quinn & Bates, ). A large body of work for the WNAO region, including over the Sargasso Sea, provides consensus that primary marine aerosols ejected from the sea surface are highly enriched in marine‐derived organics relative to sea water (Beaupré et al, ; Frossard, Gérard, et al, ; Frossard, Long, et al, ; Keene, Maring, et al, ; Long, Keene, Kieber, et al, ; Quinn et al, ) and that these organic‐laden aerosols are both CCN‐active (Quinn et al, ) and reactive (Zhou et al, ).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Results and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between September and October 2016, a research cruise with the R/V Endeavor over the WNAO was conducted to investigate marine aerosol production from bursting bubbles and the physicochemical properties of the generated primary marine aerosol (Beaupré et al, 2019;Frossard, Gérard, et al, 2019;Frossard, Long, et al, 2019). Results from this project have revealed that primarily produced marine aerosols are enriched with marine-derived organic constituents, including surfactants, relative to sea water (Frossard, Gérard, et al, 2019).…”

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from this project have revealed that primarily produced marine aerosols are enriched with marine‐derived organic constituents, including surfactants, relative to sea water (Frossard, Gérard, et al, ). Up to 40% of the organic carbon in primary marine aerosol was composed of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and that aerosol emissions by bubble bursting represent an underappreciated removal pathway for old organic carbon from the ocean (Beaupré et al, ).…”

Section: History Of Wnao Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead

et al. 2020

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Decades of atmospheric research have focused on the Western North Atlantic Ocean (WNAO) region because of its unique location that offers accessibility for airborne and ship measurements, gradients in important atmospheric parameters, and a range of meteorological regimes leading to diverse conditions that are poorly understood. This work reviews these scientific investigations for the WNAO region, including the East Coast of North America and the island of Bermuda. Over 50 field campaigns and long‐term monitoring programs, in addition to 715 peer‐reviewed publications between 1946 and 2019, have provided a firm foundation of knowledge for these areas. Of particular importance in this region has been extensive work at the island of Bermuda that is host to important time series records of oceanic and atmospheric variables. Our review categorizes WNAO atmospheric research into eight major categories, with some studies fitting into multiple categories (relative %): aerosols (25%); gases (24%); development/validation of techniques, models, and retrievals (18%); meteorology and transport (9%); air‐sea interactions (8%); clouds/storms (8%); atmospheric deposition (7%); and aerosol‐cloud interactions (2%). Recommendations for future research are provided in the categories highlighted above.

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Section: Synthesis Of Results and Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -2019mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History Of Wnao Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead

et al. 2020

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“…Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the largest carbon reservoirs on Earth, comparable in size to the reservoir of atmospheric CO 2 (Hansell, 2013). Marine DOC is coupled to the global carbon budget mainly through autotrophic and heterotrophic processes (Benner, 1998) and secondarily through processes that include photochemistry (Mopper et al, 2015), hydrothermal vents (Hawkes et al, 2015; Walter et al, 2018), dissolved and particulate organic carbon interactions and conversions (Druffel & Williams, 1990; Hansell et al, 2009), and primary marine aerosol generation (Beaupré et al, 2019; Kieber et al, 2016) that affect the cycling of DOC in the oceans and the transfer of carbon between the oceans and atmosphere (Siegenthaler & Sarmiento, 1993). It has been shown that sunlight‐mediated DOC photochemistry is an important source of low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) compounds in the surface oceans (Kieber et al, 1989; Miller et al, 2002; Moran & Zepp, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater

Zhu

Kieber

2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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A photochemical model was used to quantify the global contribution of carbonyl photoproduction in the photodegradation of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As model input, wavelength-and temperature-dependent apparent quantum yields (AQYs) for the photochemical production of carbonyl compounds were determined in seawater collected from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. These AQY data and published AQY data from the North Pacific were used with remotely sensed seawater optical properties and solar irradiance data in a global model to calculate depth-resolved, mixed-layer photochemical fluxes of acetaldehyde and glyoxal in seawater. Based on this model, the annual global surface mixed-layer photochemical production is 89.7 ± 36 Tg year −1 for acetaldehyde and 20.0 ± 8.0 Tg year −1 for glyoxal. This work significantly improves our understanding of the impact of photochemistry on the cycling of DOC in the surface oceans. Low-molecular-weight carbonyl compounds represent the second largest carbon flux among all known carbon products that are produced during the photolysis of DOC. The annual photoproduction of carbonyl-compound carbon is~110 ± 23 Tg C year −1 , comprising approximately 9.6% of the total carbon and 22% of the biologically labile carbon that are produced globally from the photolysis of marine DOC.Plain Language Summary Ultraviolet and visible solar irradiation absorbed by dissolved organic matter in seawater causes a myriad of chemical transformations including the photochemical production of atmospherically important and biologically labile organic compounds. In the current study, we determined the photochemical production of acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal, in the surface oceans. A global-scale seasonal model of surface and depth-dependent photochemical production rates was developed for acetaldehyde and glyoxal using wavelength-and temperature-dependent photoproduction data determined in open ocean, oligotrophic seawater from the North Pacific and Northwest Atlantic Oceans, along with modeled solar irradiance and satellite-retrieved optical properties of seawater. Methylglyoxal was not modeled because its wavelength-dependent photochemical production could not be determined in open ocean waters. Results of this study were used to show that the photochemical production of carbonyl compounds represents an important fraction of marine organic matter that is photochemically degraded on an annual basis. Key Points:• Wavelength and temperature dependence for carbonyl photoproduction was determined in seawater from four stations in the NW Atlantic Ocean • Depth-integrated, surface mixed-layer rates of acetaldehyde and glyoxal photochemical production were calculated globally • Carbonyl compounds represent 9.6% and 22% of the total and biologically labile carbon produced from the photolysis of marine organic carbon Supporting Information:• Supporting Information S1

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“…Bulk samples for analysis of surfactants were transferred to precombusted 10 mL Pyrex tubes, stored frozen, and separated with solid phase extraction, and analyzed with ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy and pendant drop tensiometry following the method described by Gérard et al (). See companion papers (Beaupré et al, ; Frossard et al, ) for additional details regarding methodologies, results, and interpretations of 14 C results and surfactant properties measured in bulk samples of mPMA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Aerosol Production via Detrainment of Bubble Plumes Generated in Natural Seawater With a Forced‐Air Venturi

et al. 2019

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During September–October 2016, a marine aerosol generator configured with forced‐air Venturis was deployed at two biologically productive and two oligotrophic regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean to investigate factors that modulate primary marine aerosol (PMA) production. The generator produced representative bubble size distributions with Hinze scales (0.32 to 0.95 mm radii) and void fractions (0.011 to 0.019 Lair Lsw‐1) that overlapped those of plumes produced in the surface ocean by breaking wind waves. Hinze scales and void fractions of bubble plumes varied among seawater hydrographic regions, whereas corresponding peaks and widths of bubble size distributions did not, suggesting that variability in seawater surfactants drove variability in plume dynamics. Peaks in size‐resolved number production efficiencies for model PMA (mPMA) emitted via bubble bursting in the generator were within a narrow range (0.059 to 0.069 μm geometric mean diameter) over wide ranges in subsurface bubble characteristics, suggesting that subsurface bubble size distributions were not the primary controlling factors as was suggested by previous work. Total mass production efficiencies for mPMA decreased with increasing air detrainment rates, supporting the hypothesis that surface bubble rafts attenuate mPMA mass production. Total mass and Na+ production efficiencies for mPMA from biologically productive seawater were significantly greater than those from oligotrophic seawater. Corresponding mPMA number distributions peaked at smaller sizes during daytime, suggesting that short‐lived surfactants of biological and/or photochemical origin modulated diel variability in marine aerosol production.

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Oceanic efflux of ancient marine dissolved organic carbon in primary marine aerosol

Abstract: Marine refractory dissolved organic carbon is emitted to the atmosphere in primary marine aerosol.

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead

Atmospheric Research Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean Region and North American East Coast: A Review of Past Work and Challenges Ahead

Global Model for Depth‐Dependent Carbonyl Photochemical Production Rates in Seawater

Marine Aerosol Production via Detrainment of Bubble Plumes Generated in Natural Seawater With a Forced‐Air Venturi

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