Oceanic distribution and sources of bromoform and dibromomethane in the Mauritanian upwelling

Quack, Birgit; Peeken, Ilka; Petrick, Gert; Nachtigall, Kerstin

doi:10.1029/2006jc003803

Cited by 67 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…CHBr 3 is the most abundant form of volatile organic bromine in seawater (Carpenter and Liss, 2000;Quack et al, 2007;Hughes et al, 2009), and predictably dominated the concentrations of bromocarbons in the mesocosms (Fig. 2f-2j).…”

Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In seawater, a number of processes act as sinks for CHBr 3 including (i) hydrolysis, (ii) reductive dehalogenation, (iii) halogen substitution, and (iv) photolysis. With half-lives at Arctic seawater temperatures of 680-1000 yr and 74 yr respectively, (i) and (iii) are of little importance in this discussion (Quack and Wallace, 2003). Reductive dehalogenation (ii) can occur in anaerobic conditions so is also not relevant to the mesocosms (Quack and Wallace, 2003;Vogel et al, 1987).…”

Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With half-lives at Arctic seawater temperatures of 680-1000 yr and 74 yr respectively, (i) and (iii) are of little importance in this discussion (Quack and Wallace, 2003). Reductive dehalogenation (ii) can occur in anaerobic conditions so is also not relevant to the mesocosms (Quack and Wallace, 2003;Vogel et al, 1987). Microbial degradation has not been directly observed (Goodwin et al, 1997), although there is some evidence that it may occur at reasonable rates within the water column of both polar and tropical waters (Hughes et al, 2009;Quack et al, 2007).…”

Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of halocarbons to ocean acidification in the Arctic

et al. 2013

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The potential effect of ocean acidification (OA) on seawater halocarbons in the Arctic was investigated during a mesocosm experiment in Spitsbergen in June–July 2010. Over a period of 5 weeks, natural phytoplankton communities in nine ~ 50 m³ mesocosms were studied under a range of pCO₂ treatments from ~ 185 μatm to ~ 1420 μatm. In general, the response of halocarbons to pCO₂ was subtle, or undetectable. A large number of significant correlations with a range of biological parameters (chlorophyll a, microbial plankton community, phytoplankton pigments) were identified, indicating a biological control on the concentrations of halocarbons within the mesocosms. The temporal dynamics of iodomethane (CH₃I) alluded to active turnover of this halocarbon in the mesocosms and strong significant correlations with biological parameters suggested a biological source. However, despite a pCO₂ effect on various components of the plankton community, and a strong association between CH₃I and biological parameters, no effect of pCO₂ was seen in CH₃I. Diiodomethane (CH₂I₂) displayed a number of strong relationships with biological parameters. Furthermore, the concentrations, the rate of net production and the sea-to-air flux of CH₂I₂ showed a significant positive response to pCO₂. There was no clear effect of pCO₂ on bromocarbon concentrations or dynamics. However, periods of significant net loss of bromoform (CHBr₃) were found to be concentration-dependent, and closely correlated with total bacteria, suggesting a degree of biological consumption of this halocarbon in Arctic waters. Although the effects of OA on halocarbon concentrations were marginal, this study provides invaluable information on the production and cycling of halocarbons in a region of the world's oceans likely to experience rapid environmental change in the coming decades

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Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bromoform (Chbr 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of halocarbons to ocean acidification in the Arctic

et al. 2013

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“…A link between oceanic chlorophyll a content (chl a), the indicator of phytoplankton biomass, and cloud droplet numbers over the Southern Ocean (Plass-Dülmer et al 1995) has been observed, as well as enhanced organic mass in marine aerosols during periods of enhanced ocean biological activity (Singh et al 2003;O'Dowd et al 2004). Bromoform observations in the tropical eastern Atlantic Ocean (Quack et al 2004(Quack et al , 2007 have revealed a pronounced subsurface maximum at the depth of the subsurface chl a maximum, suggesting a phytoplanktonic source of bromoform. Ocean-emitted volatile organic compounds also appear to be related to phytoplankton activity (e.g.…”

Section: Marine Carbon Observations Frommentioning

confidence: 98%

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

2014

Springer Earth System Sciences

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Why a chapter on Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS Science in this book? SOLAS science by its nature deals with interactions that occur: across a wide spectrum of time and space scales, involve gases and particles, between the ocean and the atmosphere, across many disciplines including chemistry, biology, optics, physics, mathematics, computing, socio-economics and consequently interactions between many different scientists and across scientific generations. This chapter provides a guide through the remarkable diversity of cross-cutting approaches and tools in the gigantic puzzle of the SOLAS realm.Here we overview the existing prime components of atmospheric and oceanic observing systems, with the acquisition of ocean-atmosphere observables either from in situ or from satellites, the rich hierarchy of models to test our knowledge of Earth System functioning, and the tremendous efforts accomplished over the last decade within the COST Action 735 and SOLAS Integration project frameworks to understand, as best we can, the current physical and biogeochemical state of the atmosphere and ocean commons. A few SOLAS integrative studies illustrate the full meaning of interactions, paving the way for even tighter connections between thematic fields. Ultimately, SOLAS research will also develop with an enhanced consideration of societal demand while preserving fundamental research coherency.

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“…(CH 3 ) 2 S, CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 are produced by phytoplankton (Dacey 30 & Wakeham, 1986;Quack et al, 2007;Stemmler et al, 2015). CH 3 I is produced by cyanobacteria and picoplankton (SmytheWright et al, 2006) and large concentrations of CH 3 I are present in the marine boundary layer is produced naturally by various marine macroalgae (Gschwend et al, 1985), and CH 2 BrCl is emitted by tropical seaweed (Mithoo-Singh et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of ozone-poor air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer

Newton¹,

Vaughan²,

Hintsa³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Ozonesondes reaching the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the West Pacific have occasionally measured layers of very low ozone concentrations-less than 15 ppbv-raising the question of how prevalent such layers are and how they are formed. In this paper we examine aircraft measurements from the ATTREX, CAST and CONTRAST campaigns based in By contrast, the mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the Northern Hemisphere were always above 15 ppbv and normally above 20 ppbv at these altitudes. The CAST and CONTRAST aircraft sampled the atmosphere between the surface and 120 hPa, 10 finding very low ozone concentrations only between the surface and 700 hPa; mixing ratios as low as 7 ppbv were regularly measured in the boundary layer, whereas in the free troposphere above 200 hPa concentrations were generally well in excess of 15 ppbv. These results are consistent with uplift of almost-unmixed boundary layer air to the TTL in deep convection. An interhemispheric difference was found in the TTL ozone concentrations, with values <15 ppbv measured extensively in the Southern Hemisphere but seldom in the Northern Hemisphere. This is consistent with a similar contrast in the low-level ozone 15 between the two hemispheres found by previous measurement campaigns. Further evidence of a boundary layer origin for the uplifted air is provided by the anti-correlation between ozone and halogenated hydrocarbons of marine origin observed by the three aircraft.

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Oceanic distribution and sources of bromoform and dibromomethane in the Mauritanian upwelling

Cited by 67 publications

References 45 publications

Response of halocarbons to ocean acidification in the Arctic

Response of halocarbons to ocean acidification in the Arctic

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

Observations of ozone-poor air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer

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