Oceanic application of the active controlled flux technique for measuring air‐sea transfer velocities of heat and gases

Asher, William E.; Jessup, Andrew T.; Atmane, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1029/2003jc001862

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, relatively few such studies have been carried out. Asher et al (2004) noted that Sc −1/2 did not correctly describe the relationship between k heat and k CO 2 observed in GASEX-01. They argued that Sc-dependence may vary based on the conditions, as predicted by surface penetration theory (Harriott, 1962).…”

Section: Knorr 06 Dms Air/sea Fluxes and Gas Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110 • W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (k DMS ) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 µmol m −2 d −1 . Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15 • S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25 • S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s −1 . This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO 2 , and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.

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Section: Knorr 06 Dms Air/sea Fluxes and Gas Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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“…The implication of this is that the diffusivity dependence of transfer is not constant with turbulent forcing. This is demonstrated by Asher et al (2004) by using a special case of the model of Harriott (1962) for constant eddy approach distance and lifetime:…”

Section: Surface Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of the surface penetration model is found by Asher et al (2004) to explain the apparent discrepancy between transfer velocities of heat and mass through the surface water layer from surface/eddy renewal models.…”

Section: Surface Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmane et al 2004). This led to the application of the surface penetration model of Harriott (1962) to detailed heat and mass flux data by Asher et al (2004). The surface penetration model differs from renewal models as it considers incomplete replacement of the surface by eddy transport from the bulk.…”

Section: Surface Penetrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infrared measurements of the sea surface have been used to detect breaking waves (Jessup et al 1997a), microscale breaking waves (Jessup et al 1997b;Zappa et al 2001), internal wave structures (Zappa and Jessup 2005), interfacial turbulence (Smith et al 2007;Scott et al 2008;Handler and Smith 2011;Schnieders et al 2013), the momentum flux Garbe and Heinlein 2011) and also used to infer gas flux (Jähne and Haußecker 1998;Garbe et al 2003Garbe et al , 2004Schimpf et al 2004;Asher et al 2004). …”

Section: Thermographic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

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et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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The efficiency of transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by several physical, biological and chemical processes in the atmosphere and water which are described here (including waves, large-and small-scale turbulence, bubbles, sea spray, rain and surface films). For a deeper understanding of relevant transport mechanisms, several models have been developed, ranging from conceptual models to numerical models. Most frequently the transfer is described by various functional dependencies of the wind speed, but more detailed descriptions need additional information. The study of gas transfer mechanisms uses a variety of experimental methods ranging from laboratory studies to carbon budgets, mass balance methods, micrometeorological techniques and thermographic techniques. Different methods resolve the transfer at different scales of time and space; this is important to take into account when comparing different results. Air-sea transfer is relevant in a wide range of applications, for example, local and regional fluxes, global models, remote sensing and computations of global inventories. The sensitivity of global models to the description of transfer velocity is limited; it is however likely that the formulations are more important when the resolution increases and other processes in models are improved. For global flux estimates using inventories or remote sensing products the accuracy of the transfer formulation as well as the accuracy of the wind field is crucial. IntroductionThe transfer of gases and particles across the air-sea interface depends not only on the concentration difference between the water and the air, but also on the efficiency of the transfer process. The efficiency of the transfer is controlled by complex interaction of a variety of processes in the air and in the water near the interface. Here we treat both gases and particles since the transfer, to some extent, is governed by similar mechanisms. Studies of transfer across the air-sea interface include a variety of methods and techniques ranging from laboratory studies, modeling and large-scale field studies. Various methods reach somewhat different conclusions, due to representation of different

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Scaling laws for the upper ocean temperature dissipation rate

Bogucki

Huguenard

Haus

et al. 2015

Geophysical Research Letters

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Our understanding of temperature dissipation rate within the upper ocean boundary layer, which is critical for climate forecasts, is very limited. Near-surface turbulence also affects dispersion of contaminants and biogeochemical tracers. Using high-resolution optical turbulence measurements, scaling laws for are investigated under forcing states where either the daytime heat flux or the wind stress forcing is dominant. We find that remains constant over 1.5 times the significant wave height, while over a layer below, decays based on the local surface forcing. When the heat flux is dominant, traditional scaling based on the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory remains valid;∝ z −1 . When the wind stress dominates, we observe the emergence of a new scaling, ∝ z −1∕2 , which is explained by invoking the effect of small-scale coherent structures on vertical heat transport. These results have implications for improved modeling of the ocean's heat and CO 2 intake.

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Oceanic application of the active controlled flux technique for measuring air‐sea transfer velocities of heat and gases

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface

Scaling laws for the upper ocean temperature dissipation rate

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