Ocean Sciences Perspectives on Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) Science

Abstract

This section provides a brief assessment of how ocean sciences adopt the "Integrated, Coordinated, Open, and Networked-Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (ICON-FAIR) concepts in terms of field, experimental, remote sensing, and real-time data research and application." The commentary is expectedly influenced in part by the authors' perspectives and experience and constrained by space limitation, but we have attempted to cover all aspects of ICON-FAIR in all of these major types of ocean science activities. Current StateOcean Science is the ultimate environmental science, multi-and interdisciplinary by definition, whereby oceanographic phenomena can rarely be described by drawing from a single core discipline (Powell, 2008). The need for multidisciplinarity is well-characterized during oceanographic cruises which, due to the high investment required, recruit researchers from diverse fields and institutes who ensure that observing and experimental strategies and high-quality data collection serve, on the one hand, their respective fields and, on the other hand, allow for integrated interpretation (I-integrated; e.g., Sloyan et al., 2019).Many oceanographic parameters are quantified using detailed, well-established and widely accepted protocols, thus facilitating coordination and interoperability (C-coordinated), for instance, the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO's international thermodynamic equation of seawater (IOC, SCOR,