Ocean circulation and sea ice distribution in a finite element global sea ice–ocean model

Timmermann, Ralph; Danilov, Sergey; Schröter, Jens; Böning, Carmen; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Rollenhagen, Katja

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.009

Cited by 150 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Prescribed surface boundary conditions were calculated by using the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE) bulk formulae proposed by Large and Yeager (2004). As in Brodeau et al (2010), simulations were forced with the monthly river runoff climatology based on Timmermann et al (2009). The ocean and sea-ice models had a time step of 3600 s, which was also the interval when surface boundary conditions were updated.…”

Section: Model Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing sea ice, hydrography and circulation between NEMO3.6 LIM3 and LIM2

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A set of hindcast simulations with the new version 3.6 of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean-ice model in the ORCA1 configuration and forced by the DRAKKAR Forcing Set version 5.2 (DFS5.2) atmospheric data was performed from 1958 to 2012. Simulations differed in their sea-ice component: the old standard version Louvain-la-Neuve Sea Ice Model (LIM2) and its successor LIM3. Main differences between these sea-ice models are the parameterisations of sub-grid-scale sea-ice thickness distribution, ice deformation, thermodynamic processes, and sea-ice salinity. Our main objective was to analyse the response of the ocean-ice system sensitivity to the change in sea-ice physics. Additional sensitivity simulations were carried out for the attribution of observed differences between the two main simulations.In the Arctic, NEMO-LIM3 compares better with observations by realistically reproducing the sea-ice extent decline during the last few decades due to its multi-category sea-ice thickness. In the Antarctic, NEMO-LIM3 more realistically simulates the seasonal evolution of sea-ice extent than NEMO-LIM2. In terms of oceanic properties, improvements are not as evident, although NEMO-LIM3 reproduces a more realistic hydrography in the Labrador Sea and in the Arctic Ocean, including a reduced cold temperature bias of the Arctic Intermediate Water at 250 m. In the extra-polar regions, the oceanographic conditions of the two NEMO-LIM versions remain relatively similar, although they slowly drift apart over decades. This drift is probably due to a stronger deep water formation around Antarctica in LIM3.

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Section: Model Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing sea ice, hydrography and circulation between NEMO3.6 LIM3 and LIM2

et al. 2017

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“…It has grown up from the Finite Element model of the North Atlantic (FENA) described by Danilov et al (2004Danilov et al ( , 2005. It has been coupled to a dynamicthermodynamic sea ice model with a viscous-plastic rheology and evaluated in a global setup (Timmermann et al, 2009). An ice-shelf component with a threeequation system for the computation of temperature and salinity in the boundary layer between ice and ocean and the melt rate at the ice shelf base (Hellmer et al, 1998) has been implemented.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean warming and increased ice shelf basal melting in the twenty-first and twenty-second centuries based on coupled ice-ocean finite-element modelling

2013

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We utilize a global finite element sea ice -ice shelf -ocean model (FESOM), focused on the Antarctic marginal seas, to analyse projections of ice shelf basal melting in a warmer climate. Ice shelf -ocean interaction is described using a three-equation system with a diagnostic computation of temperature and salinity at the ice-ocean interface. A tetrahedral mesh with a minimum horizontal resolution of 4 km and hybrid vertical coordinates is used. Ice shelf draft, cavity geometry, and global ocean bathymetry have been derived from the RTopo-1 data set. The model is forced with the atmospheric output from two climate models: (1) the Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM3) and (2) Max Planck Institute's ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled climate model. Results from experiments forced with their 20th-century output are used to evaluate the modeled present-day ocean state. Sea-ice coverage is largely realistic in both simulations; modeled ice shelf basal melt rates compare well with observations in both cases, but are consistently smaller for ECHAM5/MPI-OM. Projections for future ice shelf basal melting are computed using atmospheric output for the IPCC scenarios E1 and A1B. In simulations forced with ECHAM5 data, trends in ice shelf basal melting are small. In contrast, decreasing convection along the Antarctic coast in HadCM3 scenarios leads to a decreasing salinity on the continental shelf and to intrusions of warm deep water of open ocean origin. In case of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), this water reaches deep into the cavity, so that basal melting increases by a factor of four to six compared to the present value of about 90 Gt/yr.

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“…Nevertheless, Semtner's zero-layer model and its derivatives are still the thermodynamic component of numerous largescale sea ice models (e.g. Washington et al, 2000;Marsland et al, 2003;Timmermann et al, 2009;Hewitt et al, 2011).…”

Section: Climate Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability (determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems.

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Ocean circulation and sea ice distribution in a finite element global sea ice–ocean model

Cited by 150 publications

References 64 publications

Comparing sea ice, hydrography and circulation between NEMO3.6 LIM3 and LIM2

Comparing sea ice, hydrography and circulation between NEMO3.6 LIM3 and LIM2

Southern Ocean warming and increased ice shelf basal melting in the twenty-first and twenty-second centuries based on coupled ice-ocean finite-element modelling

The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers

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