Ocean circulation and fronts as related to ice melt‐back in the Chukchi Sea

Paquette, Robert G.; Bourke, Robert H.

doi:10.1029/jc086ic05p04215

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ice edge, or marginal ice zone (MIZ), a 10 -100 km wide dynamic boundary between ice cover and open water, features sharp temperature and salinity fronts and is an area of upwelling and localized productivity (Paquette and Bourke, 1981). Ice edge location is driven primarily by wind stress (Rogers, 1978), although in the Chukchi Sea, the pattern of MIZ deformation is also directly influenced by the intrusion of relatively warm water currents mentioned above (Bourke, 1983).…”

Section: Alaskan Arctic Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). From there, the BSW flows northwestward to about 70˚N, 175˚W, then turns northward and enters the Arctic Basin through Herald Canyon, while the ACW flows northeastward along the Alaskan coast and enters the Arctic Ocean through Barrow Canyon (Paquette and Bourke, 1981;Bourke, 1983). At Barrow Canyon, the ACW encounters a third major water mass, the Resident Chukchi Water (RCW), consisting of water that has remained on the shelf from the previous winter and incursions of water onto the shelf from the Arctic Basin (Overland and Roach, 1987).…”

Section: Alaskan Arctic Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cetacean Habitat Selection in the Alaskan Arctic during Summer and Autumn

Moore¹,

DeMaster²,

Dayton³

2000

ARCTIC

100

118

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ABSTRACT. Ten years of sighting data from aerial surveys offshore of northern Alaska were analyzed to investigate seasonal variability in cetacean habitat selection. Distinct habitats were described for bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus), white whales (Delphinapterus leucas), and gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) on the basis of habitat selection ratios calculated for bathymetric and ice cover regimes. In summer, bowheads selected continental slope waters and moderate ice conditions; white whales selected slope and basin waters and moderate to heavy ice conditions; and gray whales selected coastal/shoal waters and open water. In autumn, bowheads selected inner shelf waters and light ice conditions; white whales selected outer shelf and slope waters and moderate to heavy ice; and gray whales selected coastal and shoal/trough habitats in light ice and open water. Habitat differences among species were significant in both seasons (ANOVA F > 28, p < 0.00001). Interseasonal depth and ice cover habitats were significantly different for bowhead whales (p < 0.00002), but not for gray whales (p > 0.35). White whale depth habitat was significantly different between seasons (p < 0.00002), but ice cover habitat was not (p < 0.08).Key words: Alaska, Arctic, Beaufort Sea, bowhead whale, Chukchi Sea, gray whale, habitat selection, white whale RÉSUMÉ. Des données d'observation réalisées sur dix années (1982 -1991) grâce à des relevés aériens au large de l'Alaska septentrional ont été analysées dans le cadre de recherches sur la variabilité saisonnière dans la sélection de l'habitat des cétacés. On a décrit des habitats distincts pour la baleine boréale (Balaena mysticetus), la baleine blanche (Delphinapterus leucas) et la baleine grise de Californie (Eschrichtius robustus) en se fondant sur les taux de sélection de l'habitat calculés pour le régime bathymétrique et celui de la couverture de glace. En été, la baleine boréale choisissait les eaux de la pente continentale et des conditions de glace modérée; la baleine blanche choisissait les eaux de la pente continentale et du bassin océanique, et des conditions de glace allant de modérée à épaisse; et la baleine grise choisissait des eaux côtières et de hauts-fonds ainsi que l'eau libre. En automne, la baleine boréale choisissait les eaux intérieures du plateau continental, où se trouvait une faible concentration de glace; la baleine blanche choisissait les eaux à l'extérieur du plateau et sur la pente, ainsi qu'une glace allant de modérée à épaisse; et la baleine grise choisissait des habitats côtiers et de hauts-fonds ou des fossés à faible concentration de glace et à eau libre. Les différences d'habitat entre les espèces étaient importantes durant les deux saisons (ANOVA F > 28, p < 0,00001). D'une saison à une autre, les habitats différaient sensiblement quant à la profondeur et à la couverture de glace pour la baleine boréale (p < 0,00002), mais pas pour la baleine grise (p > 0,35). La profondeur de l'habitat pour la baleine blanche variait sensiblement d'une saison à u...

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Section: Alaskan Arctic Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alaskan Arctic Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetacean Habitat Selection in the Alaskan Arctic during Summer and Autumn

Moore¹,

DeMaster²,

Dayton³

2000

ARCTIC

100

118

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 (Paquette and Bourke 1981; for a more recent treatment, see Woodgate et al 2005a). The eastern branch generally follows the Alaskan coast into Barrow Canyon; in summertime, this is the pathway of the Alaskan Coastal Current.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Configurations of the Western Arctic Shelfbreak Current in Summer

Appen

Pickart

2012

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Data from a closely spaced array of moorings situated across the Beaufort Sea shelfbreak at 1528W are used to study the Western Arctic Shelfbreak Current, with emphasis on its configuration during the summer season. Two dynamically distinct states of the current are revealed in the absence of wind, with each lasting approximately one month. The first is a surface-intensified shelfbreak jet transporting warm and buoyant Alaskan Coastal Water in late summer. This is the eastward continuation of the Alaskan Coastal Current. It is both baroclinically and barotropically unstable and hence capable of forming the surface-intensified warmcore eddies observed in the southern Beaufort Sea. The second configuration, present during early summer, is a bottom-intensified shelfbreak current advecting weakly stratified Chukchi Summer Water. It is baroclinically unstable and likely forms the middepth warm-core eddies present in the interior basin. The mesoscale instabilities extract energy from the mean flow such that the surface-intensified jet should spin down over an efolding distance of 300 km beyond the array site, whereas the bottom-intensified configuration should decay within 150 km. This implies that Pacific Summer Water does not extend far into the Canadian Beaufort Sea as a well-defined shelfbreak current. In contrast, the Pacific Winter Water configuration of the shelfbreak jet is estimated to decay over a much greater distance of approximately 1400 km, implying that it should reach the first entrance to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

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“…These waters are saltier and richer in nutrients than Alaskan Coastal Water (Springer et al, 1989). Topographic shoals in the northern Chukchi Sea split the northward flow of Bering Sea Water into 3 branches (Ahlnäs and Garrison, 1984; Paquette and Bourke, 1981;Weingartner et al, 2005;Woodgate et al, 2010). One branch flows east of Hanna shoal and continues to Barrow Canyon, one is west of Herald Shoal through Herald Canyon, and other is between the shoals via what is called the Central Channel ( Fig.…”

Section: Physical Oceanographymentioning

confidence: 99%