Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>
 Changes

Volk, Tyler; Hoffert, Martin I.

doi:10.1029/gm032p0099

Cited by 696 publications

(517 citation statements)

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“…The soft tissue pump transfers particulate organic carbon (POC) originating from photosynthetic production to the ocean interior and plays a key role in the sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 (Sarmiento et al, 1988). The carbonate pump exports particulate inorganic carbon (CaCO 3 , PIC) mainly as detrital calcareous shells (Volk and Hoffert, 1985). Calcification in the mixed layer decreases total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) with a ratio 2:1 and acts as a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere over a seasonal timescale (Frankignoulle et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Rembauville

Meilland

Ziveri

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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a b s t r a c tWe report the contribution of planktic foraminifers and coccoliths to the particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) export fluxes collected over an annual cycle (October 2011/September 2012) on the central Kerguelen Plateau in the Antarctic Zone (AAZ) south of the Polar Front (PF). The seasonality of PIC flux was decoupled from surface chlorophyll a concentration and particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes and was characterized by a late summer (February) maximum. This peak was concomitant with the highest satellite-derived sea surface PIC and corresponded to a Emiliania huxleyi coccoliths export event that accounted for 85% of the annual PIC export. The foraminifer contribution to the annual PIC flux was much lower (15%) and dominated by Turborotalita quinqueloba and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. Foraminifer export fluxes were closely related to the surface chlorophyll a concentration, suggesting food availability as an important factor regulating the foraminifer's biomass. We compared size-normalized test weight (SNW) of the foraminifers with previously published SNW from the Crozet Islands using the same methodology and found no significant difference in SNW between sites for a given species. However, the SNW was significantly species-specific with a threefold increase from T. quinqueloba to Globigerina bulloides. The annual PIC:POC molar ratio of 0.07 was close to the mean ratio for the global ocean and lead to a low carbonate counter pump effect ( $ 5%) compared to a previous study north of the PF (6-32%). We suggest that lowers counter pump effect south of the PF despite similar productivity levels is due to a dominance of coccoliths in the PIC fluxes and a difference in the foraminifers species assemblage with a predominance of polar species with lower SNW.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two distinct carbon pumps operate to cycle carbon trough these different reservoirs (Volk and Hoffert, 1985). The soft tissue pump transfers particulate organic carbon (POC) originating from photosynthetic production to the ocean interior and plays a key role in the sequestration of atmospheric CO 2 (Sarmiento et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Rembauville

Meilland

Ziveri

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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“…When combined with the associated carbon fluxes, this cycle of organic matter production, export and remineralization constitutes the biological carbon pump (BCP) [4], which acts to store a large amount of dissolved inorganic carbon in the deep ocean and exerts a major control on atmospheric pCO 2 [5][6][7]. Simultaneously, the availability and supply of a range of nutrients to the upper ocean frequently exerts a fundamental constraint on the rate [8] and/or absolute [9] production of new organic matter in the surface layer [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing oceanic nutrient deficiency

Moore¹

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Carbon dioxide fixation by phytoplankton and the subsequent downward particle flux of biogenic carbon, a process often referred to as the "biological pump" (Volk and Hoffert, 1985), is a key component in the global carbon cycle. Yet the understanding of the magnitude and variability of this flux over temporal and spatial scales remains limited (Britten and Primeau, 2016;Burd et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal distributions of particulate carbon export across the North Western Atlantic Ocean

Puigcorbé

Roca‐Martí

Masqué

et al. 2017

Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

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Abstract234 Th-derived carbon export fluxes were measured in the Atlantic Ocean under the GEOTRACES framework to evaluate basin-scale export variability. Here, we present the results from the northern half of the GA02 transect, spanning from the equator to 64°N. As a result of limited site-specific C/ 234 Th ratio measurements, we further combined our data with previous work to develop a basin wide C/ 234 Th ratio depth curve. While the magnitude of organic carbon fluxes varied depending on the C/ 234 Th ratio used, latitudinal trends were similar, with sizeable and variable organic carbon export fluxes occurring at high latitudes and low to negligible fluxes occurring in oligotrophic waters. Our results agree with previous studies, except at the boundaries between domains, where fluxes were relatively enhanced.Three different models were used to obtain satellite-derived net primary production (NPP). In general, NPP estimates had similar trends along the transect, but there were significant differences in the absolute magnitude depending on the model used. Nevertheless, organic carbon export efficiencies were generally < 25%, with the exception of a few stations located in the transition area between the riverine and the oligotrophic domains and between the oligotrophic and the temperate domains. Satellite-derived organic carbon export models from Dunne et al. (2005) The large increase in export data in the Atlantic Ocean derived from the GEOTRACES Program, combined with satellite observations and modeling efforts continue to improve the estimates of carbon export in this ocean basin and therefore reduce uncertainty in the global carbon budget.However, our results also suggest that tuning export models and including biological parameters at a regional scale is necessary for improving satellite-modeling efforts and providing export estimates that are more representative of in situ observations.

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Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO₂ Changes

Cited by 696 publications

References 15 publications

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Diagnosing oceanic nutrient deficiency

Latitudinal distributions of particulate carbon export across the North Western Atlantic Ocean

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Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO2 Changes

Cited by 696 publications

References 15 publications

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Planktic foraminifer and coccolith contribution to carbonate export fluxes over the central Kerguelen Plateau

Diagnosing oceanic nutrient deficiency

Latitudinal distributions of particulate carbon export across the North Western Atlantic Ocean

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Ocean Carbon Pumps: Analysis of Relative Strengths and Efficiencies in Ocean-Driven Atmospheric CO₂ Changes