Ocean acidification increases the vulnerability of native oysters to predation by invasive snails

Sanford, Eric; Gaylord, Brian; Hettinger, Annaliese; Lenz, Elizabeth A.; Meyer, Kirstin S.; Hill, T. M.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2681

Cited by 89 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Compensatory processes involved in shell deposition in N. lapillus may therefore prove beneficial under near future ocean conditions. A significant reduction of shell growth and thickness after exposure to elevated pCO 2 has also been observed in other species (Barros et al, 2013, Sanford et al, 2014 and is thought to be linked to associated alteration of carbonate chemistry and growth inhibition in molluscs. Both of these effects make the organisms more vulnerable to crushing predators, such as crabs (Hughes and Elner, 1979) and might therefore lead to increased mortality rates in affected populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Some defence mechanisms such as decreased shell growth rates to preserve energy (Findlay et al, 2010) and increased calcification in a range of calcifying species across taxa have been observed in acidified conditions (Ries et al, 2009). However, whilst we have a good understanding of OW and OA impacts on adult shell bearing organisms, our current understanding of how the same stressors and their interactions may impact embryos and juveniles is still limited (Byrne and Przesllawski, 2013;Kurihara, 2008;Melatunan et al, 2013;Sanford et al, 2014). The energetic implications of dealing with multiple stressors can cause a reduction and/or reallocation of an organism's energy budget such that trade-offs among different homeostatic processes caused by a given stressor can reduce the individual's ability to cope with another stressor (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucella lapillus (hereafter "N. lapillus") is an abundant species in temperate shores of the North Atlantic that exhibits a certain phenotypic plasticity in shell morphology and colour depending on latitude, microhabitat, physiological stress, and mechanical stresses such as those caused by wave actions and predation. N. lapillus is a direct developer that predates on habitat forming species such as barnacles and mussels, and has a great influence on benthic community structure and dynamics, habitat complexity, and diversity (Trussel et al, 2003;Sanford et al, 2014). In this study, shell length, width, thickness, density, crystallization, chemical make-up, and overall shapes of juveniles from different treatment combinations, at 3 and 9 weeks post hatching, were examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Rühl

Calosi

Faulwetter

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Long-term exposure to elevated pCO 2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod. -ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsw242. Co-occurring global change drivers, such as ocean warming and acidification, can have large impacts on the behaviour, physiology, and health of marine organisms. However, whilst early-life stages are thought to be most sensitive to these impacts, little is known about the individual level processes by which such impacts take place. Here, using mesocosm experiments simulating ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA) conditions expected for the NE Atlantic region by 2100 using a variety of treatments of elevated pCO 2 and temperature. We investigated their impacts on bio-mineralization, microstructure, and ontogeny of Nucella lapillus (L.) juveniles, a common gastropod predator that exerts important top-down controls on biodiversity patterns in temperate rocky shores. The shell of juveniles hatched in mesocosms during a 14 month long experiment were analysed using micro-CT scanning, 3D geometric morphometrics, and scanning-electron microscopy. Elevated temperature and age determined shell density, length, width, thickness, elemental chemistry, shape, and shell surface damages. However, co-occurring elevated pCO 2 modified the impacts of elevated temperature, in line with expected changes in carbonate chemistry driven by temperature. Young N. lapillus from acidified treatments had weaker shells and were therefore expected to be more vulnerable to predation and environmental pressures such as wave action. However, in some instances, the effects of both higher CO 2 content and elevated temperature appeared to have reversed as the individuals aged. This study suggests that compensatory development may therefore occur, and that expected increases in juvenile mortality under OA and OW may be counteracted, to some degree, by high plasticity in shell formation in this species. This feature may prove advantageous for N. lapillus community dynamics in near-future conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Rühl

Calosi

Faulwetter

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, OA stress has also been found to affect many physiological processes, such as calcification [13], energy metabolism [14] and behavior [15,16] of calcifying organisms. However, there is a lack of studies on the effects of OA on other vital processes of marine organisms such as immune and stress responses [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Wang

Cao

Ning

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

124

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a b s t r a c tOcean acidification (OA), caused by anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, has been proposed as one of the greatest threats in marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence shows that ocean acidification can impact development, survival, growth and physiology of marine calcifiers. In this study, the immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated after elevated pCO 2 exposure for 28 days. The results demonstrated that OA caused an increase of apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in hemocytes. Moreover, elevated pCO 2 had an inhibitory effect on some antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased the GSH level in digestive gland. However, the mRNA expression pattern of several immune related genes varied depending on the exposure time and tissues. After exposure to pCO 2 at~2000 ppm for 28 days, the mRNA expressions of almost all tested genes were significantly suppressed in gills and stimulated in hemocytes. Above all, our study demonstrated that elevated pCO 2 have a significant impact on the immune systems of the Pacific oyster, which may constitute as a potential threat to increased susceptibility of bivalves to diseases.

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“…The majority of these experiments are short-term, ranging from multiple days to a few weeks (e.g. [2][3][4][5]). Across all studies, a complex picture emerges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical baselines and the future of shell calcification for a foundation species in a changing ocean

et al. 2016

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Seawater pH and the availability of carbonate ions are decreasing due to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, posing challenges for calcifying marine species. Marine mussels are of particular concern given their role as foundation species worldwide. Here, we document shell growth and calcification patterns in Mytilus californianus, the California mussel, over millennial and decadal scales. By comparing shell thickness across the largest modern shells, the largest mussels collected in the 1960s-1970s and shells from two Native American midden sites ( 1000-2420 years BP), we found that modern shells are thinner overall, thinner per age category and thinner per unit length. Thus, the largest individuals of this species are calcifying less now than in the past. Comparisons of shell thickness in smaller individuals over the past 10-40 years, however, do not show significant shell thinning. Given our sampling strategy, these results are unlikely to simply reflect within-site variability or preservation effects. Review of environmental and biotic drivers known to affect shell calcification suggests declining ocean pH as a likely explanation for the observed shell thinning. Further future decreases in shell thickness could have significant negative impacts on M. californianus survival and, in turn, negatively impact the species-rich complex that occupies mussel beds.

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Ocean acidification increases the vulnerability of native oysters to predation by invasive snails

Cited by 89 publications

References 45 publications

Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Long-term exposure to elevated pCO2 more than warming modifies early-life shell growth in a temperate gastropod

Effects of ocean acidification on immune responses of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Historical baselines and the future of shell calcification for a foundation species in a changing ocean

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