Ocean acidification effects on calcification and dissolution in tropical reef macroalgae

McNicholl, C.; Koch, Marguerite S.; Swarzenski, Peter W.; Oberhaënsli, François; Taylor, Angus; Batista, Miguel Gómez; Métian, Marc

doi:10.1007/s00338-020-01991-x

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Calcification and dissolution values found in this study were comparable with previous studies that manipulated environmental parameters using CCA species from the GBR (Diaz-Pulido et al, 2012) and elsewhere (Martin and Gattuso, 2009). Results from studies measuring calcification after exposure to increased temperature and/or increased pCO 2 /decreased pH vary (Martin and Gattuso, 2009;Diaz-Pulido et al, 2012;Vásquez-Elizondo and Enríquez, 2016;McNicholl et al, 2020). In coralline algae taxa, calcification can decrease significantly when temperature thresholds are crossed (Vásquez-Elizondo and Enríquez, 2016;Cornwall et al, 2019) and with elevated temperature and pCO 2 (Martin and Gattuso, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

2021

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Increasing atmospheric CO2 is driving major environmental changes in the ocean, such as an increase in average ocean temperature, a decrease in average ocean pH (ocean acidification or OA), and an increase in the number and severity of extreme climatic events (e.g., anomalous temperature events and heatwaves). Uncertainty exists in the capacity for species to withstand these stressors occurring concomitantly. Here, we tested whether an acclimation history of ocean warming (OW) and OA affects the physiological responses of an abundant, reef-building species of crustose coralline algae (CCA), Porolithon cf. onkodes, to chronic and acute thermal stress. To address this, we exposed algae to varying temperature and pH levels for 6 weeks and this chronic treatment experiment was followed by an acute exposure to an anomalous temperature event (+4–6°C from acclimation temperature). Net photosynthetic rate was negatively affected across all treatments by increasing temperature during the acute temperature event, however, algae acclimated to the control temperature were able to maintain photosynthetic rates for +4°C above their acclimation temperature, whereas algae acclimated to elevated temperature were not. Average relative change in O2 produced resulted in a 100–175% decrease, with the largest decrease found in algae acclimated to the combined treatment of elevated temperature and reduced pH. We conclude that acclimation to chronic global change stressors (i.e., OW and OA) will reduce the tolerance of P. cf. onkodes to anomalous increases in temperature, and this may have implications for reef building processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

2021

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“…Plants 2021, 10, 2537 2 of 18 Calcifying macroalgae are intriguing organisms and have become a subject of interest for recent marine frontiers research [12][13][14][15] as they are a source of primary production via photosynthesis as well as CaCO 3 production via calcification with relatively fast growth and turnover rates compared to corals [16,17]. However, their role in the carbon economy, whether they act as a net sink or source of carbon, remains a knowledge gap and debatable [18][19][20] mainly due to uncertainties about the fate of carbon associated with calcification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcification is closely coupled to photosynthesis because photosynthetic carbon uptake decreases CO 2 , elevates pH and increases the CO 3 2− proportion in the carbonatebicarbonate system of the seawater, which promotes CaCO 3 precipitation [24][25][26][27][28]. Respiratory CO 2 release takes place in darkness, lowering seawater pH and promoting CaCO 3 dissolution [13,29]. This relationship may change partly due to interspecific variations in the mechanisms and efficiency of photosynthetic carbon acquisition [30,31] and in the capacity to regulate the pH in the microenvironment [28,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcification in Three Common Calcified Algae from Phuket, Thailand: Potential Relevance on Seawater Carbonate Chemistry and Link to Photosynthetic Process

Buapet

Sinutok

2021

Plants

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Calcifying macroalgae contribute significantly to the structure and function of tropical marine ecosystems. Their calcification and photosynthetic processes are not well understood despite their critical role in marine carbon cycles and high vulnerability to environmental changes. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the macroalgal calcification process, focusing on its relevance concerning seawater carbonate chemistry and its relationship to photosynthesis in three dominant calcified macroalgae in Thailand, Padina boryana, Halimeda macroloba and Halimeda opuntia. Morphological and microstructural attributes of the three macroalgae were analyzed and subsequently linked to their calcification rates and responses to inhibition of photosynthesis. In the first experiment, seawater pH, total alkalinity and total dissolved inorganic carbon were measured after incubation of the macroalgae in the light and after equilibration of the seawater with air. Estimations of carbon uptake into photosynthesis and calcification and carbon release into air were obtained thereafter. Our results provide evidence that calcification of the three calcified macroalgae is a potential source of CO2, where calcification by H. opuntia and H. macroloba leads to a greater release of CO2 per biomass weight than P. boryana. Nevertheless, this capacity is expected to vary on a diurnal basis, as the second experiment indicates that calcification is highly coupled to photosynthetic activity. Lower pH as a result of inhibited photosynthesis under darkness imposes more negative effects on H. opuntia and H. macroloba than on P. boryana, implying that they are more sensitive to acidification. These effects were worsened when photosynthesis was inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, highlighting the significance of photosynthetic electron transport-dependent processes. Our findings suggest that estimations of the amount of carbon stored in the vegetated marine ecosystems should account for macroalgal calcification as a potential carbon source while considering diurnal variations in photosynthesis and seawater pH in a natural setting.

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“…While increased pCO 2 and consequent acidification is known to stimulate mitochondrial respiration by up to 30% to cope with the acidic stress in several diatoms (Wu et al 2010; Yang and Gao 2012; Li et al 2016 a ), it is expected that they might be affected more during dark periods under the influence of increased pCO 2 , since respiratory CO 2 release during the night period can exacerbate the acidic stress within the diffusion boundary layer surrounding the cells (Flynn et al 2012; Raven and Beardall 2020). Meanwhile, photosynthesis buffers the effects of increased pCO 2 via utilization of bicarbonate and subsequent neutralization of H + and provides energy for ATP‐driven H + pumps (McNicholl et al 2020). Thus, in the light period, the energy production from photosynthesis could outweigh the energy costs associated with the acidic stress due to elevated pCO 2 (Wu et al 2010; Goldman et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated pCO₂ enhances under light but reduces in darkness the growth rate of a diatom, with implications for the fate of phytoplankton below the photic zone

Beardall

Jiang

et al. 2021

Limnology & Oceanography

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Experimentally elevated pCO2 and the associated pH drop are known to differentially affect many aspects of the physiology of diatoms under different environmental conditions or in different regions. However, contrasting responses to elevated pCO2 in the dark and light periods of a diel cycle have not been documented. By growing the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under 3 light levels and 2 different CO2 concentrations, we found that the elevated pCO2/pH drop projected for future ocean acidification reduced the diatom's growth rate by 8–25% during the night period but increased it by up to 9–21% in the light period, resulting in insignificant changes in growth over the diel cycle under the three different light levels. The elevated pCO2 increased the respiration rates irrespective of growth light levels and light or dark periods and enhanced its photosynthetic performance during daytime. With prolonged exposure to complete darkness, simulating the sinking process in the dark zones of the ocean, the growth rates decreased faster under elevated pCO2, along with a faster decline in quantum yield and cell size. Our results suggest that elevated pCO2 enhances the diatom's respiratory energy supplies to cope with acidic stress during the night period but enhances its death rate when the cells sink to dark regions of the oceans below the photic zone, with implications for a possible acidification‐induced reduction in vertical transport of organic carbon.

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Ocean acidification effects on calcification and dissolution in tropical reef macroalgae

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

Calcification in Three Common Calcified Algae from Phuket, Thailand: Potential Relevance on Seawater Carbonate Chemistry and Link to Photosynthetic Process

Elevated pCO₂ enhances under light but reduces in darkness the growth rate of a diatom, with implications for the fate of phytoplankton below the photic zone

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Ocean acidification effects on calcification and dissolution in tropical reef macroalgae

Cited by 16 publications

References 92 publications

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

Acclimation History of Elevated Temperature Reduces the Tolerance of Coralline Algae to Additional Acute Thermal Stress

Calcification in Three Common Calcified Algae from Phuket, Thailand: Potential Relevance on Seawater Carbonate Chemistry and Link to Photosynthetic Process

Elevated pCO2 enhances under light but reduces in darkness the growth rate of a diatom, with implications for the fate of phytoplankton below the photic zone

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Elevated pCO₂ enhances under light but reduces in darkness the growth rate of a diatom, with implications for the fate of phytoplankton below the photic zone