Ocean acidification causes fundamental changes in the cellular metabolism of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis as detected by metabolomic analysis

Thor, Peter; Vermandele, Fanny; Bailey, Allison; Guscelli, Ella; Loubet-Sartrou, Léa; Dupont, Sam; Calosi, Piero

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26480-9

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Future studies should also explore how nesting sites influence the development of nestlings' brains and whether individuals can fully compensate for an impoverished diet early in life by favouring a diet rich in marine resources post-fledging. Given recent concerns that the levels of n3-LCPUFAs available in food webs will be diminished by an estimated 18-58% by the year 2100 owing to climate change and ocean acidification [161][162][163], it is becoming imperative to understand how a lack of n3-LCPUFAs might affect the brains and cognition of birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls

Lamarre,

Wilson

2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-LCPUFAs) are produced primarily in aquatic ecosystems and are considered essential nutrients for predators given their structural role in vertebrates’ cerebral tissues. Alarmingly, with urbanization, many aquatic animals now rely on anthropogenic foods lacking n3-LCPUFAs. In this study undertaken in Newfoundland (Canada), we tested whether recent or longer term diet explains the cerebral fatty acid composition of ring-billed gulls ( Larus delawarensis ), a seabird that now thrives in cities. During the breeding season, cerebral levels of n3-LCPUFAs were significantly higher for gulls nesting in a natural habitat and foraging on marine food (mean ± s.d.: 32 ± 1% of total identified fatty acids) than for urban nesters exploiting rubbish (27 ± 1%). Stable isotope analysis of blood and feathers showed that urban and natural nesters shared similar diets in autumn and winter, suggesting that the difference in cerebral n3-LCPUFAs during the breeding season was owing to concomitant and transient differences in diet. We also experimentally manipulated gulls’ diets throughout incubation by supplementing them with fish oil rich in n3-LCPUFAs, a caloric control lacking n3-LCPUFAs, or nothing, and found evidence that fish oil increased urban nesters’ cerebral n3-LCPUFAs. These complementary analyses provide evidence that the brain of this seabird remains plastic during adulthood and responds to short-term dietary changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls

Lamarre,

Wilson

2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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“…Combining these new techniques with traditional measurements can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential responses of Arctic zooplankton communities to future changes. For instance, a recent study by Thor et al (2022) has demonstrated the usefulness of metabolomics in elucidating the metabolic pathways and responses of copepods to environmental stressors (through changes in cellular metabolism). Therefore, incorporating these molecular techniques into future experimental investigations could shed light on the underlying mechanisms that govern the physiological responses of Arctic organisms to multiple stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and temperature on oxygen uptake rates in Calanus hyperboreus nauplii

Espinel-Velasco,

Gawinski,

Kohlbach

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The Arctic region is undergoing rapid and significant changes, characterized by high rates of acidification and warming. These transformations prompt critical questions about the resilience of marine communities in the face of environmental change. In the Arctic, marine zooplankton and in particular calanoid copepods play a vital role in the food web. Changes in environmental conditions could disrupt zooplankton communities, posing detrimental consequences for the entire ecosystem. Copepod early-life stages have been shown to be particularly sensitive to environmental stressors since they represent a bottleneck in the life cycle. Here, we investigated the responses of 4-day old Calanus hyperboreus nauplii when exposed to acidification (pH 7.5 and 8.1) and warming (0 and 3°C), both independently and in combination. Naupliar respiration rates increased when exposed to a combination of acidification and warming, but not when exposed to the stressors individually. Moreover, we found no discernible differences in lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition of the nauplii across the different experimental treatments. Wax esters accounted for approximately 75% of the lipid reserves, and high amounts of long chain fatty acids 20:1 and 22:1, crucial for the reproduction cycle in copepods, were also detected. Our results indicate a sensitivity of these nauplii to a combination of acidification and warming, but not to the individual stressors, aligning with a growing body of evidence from related studies. This study sheds light on the potential implications of global change for Arctic copepod populations by elucidating the responses of early-life stages to these environmental stressors.

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“…The two major lipid families that serve as energy reservoirs are triacylglycerols (TG) and wax esters (WE). In the case of copepods, wax esters are generally stored at higher concentrations [32,35,36,[59][60][61]. WE are generated by acylation of a fatty alcohol [62].…”

Section: Wax Esters and Triacylglycerolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Lipidomics Study of Copepods: Investigation of Potential Lipid-Based Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Quantification of the Biological Effects of Climate Change on the Oceanic Food Chain

Wood,

Kunigelis

2023

Life

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Maintenance of the health of our oceans is critical for the survival of the oceanic food chain upon which humanity is dependent. Zooplanktonic copepods are among the most numerous multicellular organisms on earth. As the base of the primary consumer food web, they constitute a major biomass in oceans, being an important food source for fish and functioning in the carbon cycle. The potential impact of climate change on copepod populations is an area of intense study. Omics technologies offer the potential to detect early metabolic alterations induced by the stresses of climate change. One such omics approach is lipidomics, which can accurately quantify changes in lipid pools serving structural, signal transduction, and energy roles. We utilized high-resolution mass spectrometry (≤2 ppm mass error) to characterize the lipidome of three different species of copepods in an effort to identify lipid-based biomarkers of copepod health and viability which are more sensitive than observational tools. With the establishment of such a lipid database, we will have an analytical platform useful for prospectively monitoring the lipidome of copepods in a planned long-term five-year ecological study of climate change on this oceanic sentinel species. The copepods examined in this pilot study included a North Atlantic species (Calanus finmarchicus) and two species from the Gulf of Mexico, one a filter feeder (Acartia tonsa) and one a hunter (Labidocerca aestiva). Our findings clearly indicate that the lipidomes of copepod species can vary greatly, supporting the need to obtain a broad snapshot of each unique lipidome in a long-term multigeneration prospective study of climate change. This is critical, since there may well be species-specific responses to the stressors of climate change and co-stressors such as pollution. While lipid nomenclature and biochemistry are extremely complex, it is not essential for all readers interested in climate change to understand all of the various lipid classes presented in this study. The clear message from this research is that we can monitor key copepod lipid families with high accuracy, and therefore potentially monitor lipid families that respond to environmental perturbations evoked by climate change.

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Ocean acidification causes fundamental changes in the cellular metabolism of the Arctic copepod Calanus glacialis as detected by metabolomic analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls

Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult ring-billed gulls

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and temperature on oxygen uptake rates in Calanus hyperboreus nauplii

Pilot Lipidomics Study of Copepods: Investigation of Potential Lipid-Based Biomarkers for the Early Detection and Quantification of the Biological Effects of Climate Change on the Oceanic Food Chain

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