Ocean acidification and warming decrease calcification in the crustose coralline alga Hydrolithon onkodes and increase susceptibility to grazing

Johnson, Maggie D.; Carpenter, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2012.08.005

Cited by 108 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Synergistic effects of ocean warming and acidification that together cause greater reduction in calcification of CCA than either stressor alone have been reported elsewhere [17][18][19]59], but synergistic global climate change effects were only observed in this study when the CCA were also infected with the CFD fungus. Microboring organisms, or euendoliths, such as fungi or cyanobacteria, burrow and erode carbonate at rates that can exceed biogenic CaCO 3 precipitation, leading to the net dissolution of reef-building organisms [60,61].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

et al. 2014

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Diseases threaten the structure and function of marine ecosystems and are contributing to the global decline of coral reefs. We currently lack an understanding of how climate change stressors, such as ocean acidification (OA) and warming, may simultaneously affect coral reef disease dynamics, particularly diseases threatening key reef-building organisms, for example crustose coralline algae (CCA). Here, we use coralline fungal disease (CFD), a previously described CCA disease from the Pacific, to examine these simultaneous effects using both field observations and experimental manipulations. We identify the associated fungus as belonging to the subphylum Ustilaginomycetes and show linear lesion expansion rates on individual hosts can reach 6.5 mm per day. Further, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that ocean-warming events could increase the frequency of CFD outbreaks on coral reefs, but that OA-induced lowering of pH may ameliorate outbreaks by slowing lesion expansion rates on individual hosts. Lowered pH may still reduce overall host survivorship, however, by reducing calcification and facilitating fungal bio-erosion. Such complex, interactive effects between simultaneous extrinsic environmental stressors on disease dynamics are important to consider if we are to accurately predict the response of coral reef communities to future climate change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

et al. 2014

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“…Furthermore, Reyes-Nivia et al (2014) recently reported that Porolithon onkodes containing endolithic algae was less susceptible to dissolution than P. onkodes without these associated organisms, but that the combination of high temperature and CO 2 expected under the SRES-A1F1 'business as usual' CO 2 emissions scenario (Meehl et al 2007) significantly increased dissolution in P. onkodes regardless of the presence or absence of endolithic algae. The combination of ocean acidification and warming has also been shown to increase the susceptibility of CCA to grazing (Johnson & Carpenter 2012). Therefore, it is likely that the combination of elevated temperature and CO 2 will be detrimental for calcifying macroalgae in many environments.…”

Section: Synergistic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean acidification effects on calcifying macroalgae

Hofmann¹,

Bischof²

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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“…While several coral reef studies have examined the response in individual calcifying organisms to increased seawater temperature (T ; e.g. Johnson and Carpenter, 2012;Shaw et al, 2016), only one study (Trnovsky et al, 2016) has examined the response in entire permeable coral reef carbonate sediments. Furthermore, the majority of warming studies on marine sediments have been performed ex situ in more poleward latitudes (temperate to arctic environments) over a wide range of temperatures (2-30 • C; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short-term combined effects of temperature and organic matter enrichment on permeable coral reef carbonate sediment metabolism and dissolution

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Rates of gross primary production (GPP), respiration (R), and net calcification (G net ) in coral reef sediments are expected to change in response to global warming (and the consequent increase in sea surface temperature) and coastal eutrophication (and the subsequent increase in the concentration of organic matter, OM, being filtered by permeable coral reef carbonate sediments). To date, no studies have examined the combined effect of seawater warming and OM enrichment on coral reef carbonate sediment metabolism and dissolution. This study used 22 h in situ benthic chamber incubations to examine the combined effect of temperature (T ) and OM, in the form of coral mucus and phytodetritus, on GPP, R, and G net in the permeable coral reef carbonate sediments of Heron Island lagoon, Australia. Compared to control incubations, both warming (+2.4 • C) and OM increased R and GPP. Under warmed conditions, R (Q 10 = 10.7) was enhanced to a greater extent than GPP (Q 10 = 7.3), resulting in a shift to net heterotrophy and net dissolution. Under both phytodetritus and coral mucus treatments, GPP was enhanced to a greater extent than R, resulting in a net increase in GPP / R and G net . The combined effect of warming and OM enhanced R and GPP, but the net effect on GPP / R and G net was not significantly different from control incubations. These findings show that a shift to net heterotrophy and dissolution due to short-term increases in seawater warming may be countered by a net increase GPP / R and G net due to short-term increases in nutrient release from OM.

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Ocean acidification and warming decrease calcification in the crustose coralline alga Hydrolithon onkodes and increase susceptibility to grazing

Cited by 108 publications

References 70 publications

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

Ocean warming and acidification have complex interactive effects on the dynamics of a marine fungal disease

Ocean acidification effects on calcifying macroalgae

The short-term combined effects of temperature and organic matter enrichment on permeable coral reef carbonate sediment metabolism and dissolution

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