Occurrence, serotypes and virulence genes of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in fresh beef, ground beef, and beef burger

Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and non-O157 Shiga Toxin Producing E. coli from Retail Meat and Humans

“…These serotypes are associated with human illness [46]. Another study in Egypt reported similar findings [29]. They reported that the distribution of the identified 18 isolates from beef samples was 7 (38.9%) O111:H8, 6 (33.3%) O26:H11, 2 (11.1%) O111: He and one (5.56%) for each of O55:H7, O126:H5, and O128:H2.…”

“…In the present study, 2.3% of minced beef samples were contaminated with different serotypes of STEC other than E. coli O157:H7. Higher isolation rates of 16.7% in Egypt [29], 12% in New Zealand [30] …”

“…Among non-O157 STEC isolates, 7 (43.8%), 6 (37.5%) and 10 (62.5%) harbored stx2, eaeA and hlyA genes, respectively. In Egypt, 9 (50%), 11 (61.1%), and 9 (50%) non-O157 STEC strains harboredstx1,stx2, and eaeA genes, respectively [29].In France, STEC isolated from fresh beef showed that stx1, stx2 and both genes were identified in 39%, 50% and 11% of the isolates, while, none of them carried eaeA gene [50].Another study in Korea, revealed that STEC from fresh beef carried stx2 (64%), both stx1 and stx2 (14%), both stx2 and eaeA (14%) and both stx1 and eaeA (7%) [41]. While, in Germany, STEC isolated from meat harbored stx1, stx2 and eaeA with the respective percentages of 40, 80.8, 5% [51].…”

“…Strains that carry only stx2 are more virulent than those carrying only stx1 or even both stx1 and stx2, and are more associated with cases of HUS in humans [29,46,52]. Production of Stx2 is mainly associated with HUS, moreover, this toxin is reported to be 1000 times more cytotoxic than Stx1 on human renal endothelial cells [53].…”

Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates recovered from dairy farms in Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa

“…The other significant route of infection by E. coli O157:H7 in humans and animals is water A RT I C L E I N F O A B S T R AC T mainly used for irrigation, drinking and sometimes washing of fruits and vegetables [9]. A variety of resources and reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 has been recognized [9][10][11], with cattle as the most important source of this serotype in outbreaks linked to undercooked ground beef and raw milk consumption [12]. Cattle waste contains a large range of microbial agents [4,11], and most dairy farms mainly depend on surface, stream or river water [9].…”