Occurrence of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in the Blood of High-Yielding Dairy Cows at Selected Collection Sites in Various Disease States

Barański, Wojciech; Gajęcka, Magdalena; Zielonka, Łukasz; Mroz, Magdalena S.; Onyszek, Ewa; Przybyłowicz, Katarzyna; Nowicki, Arkadiusz; Babuchowski, Andrzej

doi:10.3390/toxins13070446

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…At the end of the first study stage, not only ZEN metabolites, which were in the blood serum samples, but also other ZEN derivates, such as α-ZAL and β-ZAL, were detected in the urine samples. The obtained results differed from those published by Polish scientists [15], who maintained that α-ZEL and β-ZEL concentrations either were absent from the blood serum of cows or occurred in amounts below LOD.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows

Falkauskas

Bakutis

Jovaišienė

et al. 2022

Animals

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After oral contamination, zearalenone (ZEN) is rapidly absorbed in organisms and can be detected in biological fluids. In this study, we investigated the metabolites of ZEN in the biological fluids of cows (blood, urine, milk). The study was divided into three stages: preparation (the first stage), investigation (the second stage), and final stage (the third stage). Samples of biological fluids were taken 7, 21, and 35 days after the beginning of the study. At the first stage and at the second stage, the cows were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) with naturally contaminated mycotoxin-zearalenone (500 ± 75 µg/kg). In the third stage, the cows were fed a TMR without mycotoxins. This study established that at the second stage, the alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum increased by 92% and the beta-zearalanol in the urine decreased by 48% compared to the first stage (p < 0.05). The beta-zearalenol and zearalanone concentrations in the urine were higher compared to that of the alpha-zearalenol. The zearalenone concentration in the milk at the second stage was 35% higher than at the first stage (p < 0.05). A significant negative correlation (r = –0.540) was determined between the beta-zearalenol and beta-zearalanol concentrations in the urine and the positive significant correlation (r = 0.826) between the beta-zearalanol and alpha-zearalenol concentrations in the serum (p < 0.05). During the study, it was determined that feeding cows for two weeks with a TMR without mycotoxins can reduce concentrations of alpha-zearalanol, beta-zearalenol, and beta-zearalanol in the biological fluids and can reduce the concentrations of ZEN in the milk, but does not reduce the concentration of zearalanone.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The initial decomposition of mycotoxins begins in the rumen of a cow; the rumen microbiota is one of the factors necessary for the process to take place. Therefore, the concentration of ZEN and its metabolites can be more reliably quantified in blood, urine, and milk samples [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows

Falkauskas

Bakutis

Jovaišienė

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…In the present study, the contamination period had high percentages of cows which were categorized as having clinical metritis. Baranski et al (2021) also reported that uterine infection was correlated with blood ZEA concentrations in cows. It is suggested that the immunosuppressive effects of mycotoxins, as well as impaired metabolic status due to reducing DMI, may predispose the cows to uterine infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

2024

THE JAPS

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This study was planned to investigate the effect of zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON) and Fumonisin B1 (FB1) on blood metabolites, milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and uterine health in 486 heads of Holstein dairy cows. For this purpose, the data collected from the animals were divided into the four periods as follows: feeding with noncontaminated diet for 30 days (pre-contamination period), contaminated diet for 60 days (contamination period), contaminated diet supplemented with mycotoxin adsorbent for 30 days (adsorbent period) and the diet after removing the contaminated feedstuffs for 30 days (non-contamination period). Each feedstuff was analysed in contamination period and at the beginning of the non-contamination period to determine the presence or absence of ZEA, DON and FB1 in the diet. The blood metabolic profile was assessed in 21 animals in 1-10 days in milk, selected through cluster random sampling method while milk yield, estrous activity, pregnancy rate and prevalence of metritis/endometritis were compared among all four periods. The milk yield (P≤0.001) and milk fat (P≤0.05) in the contaminated period were low as compared to other periods. The concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (p≤0.001), non-esterified fatty acids (P≤0.05), gamma-glutamyl transferase (P≤0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (P≤0.001) parameters were significantly higher, while the glucose (P≤0.001) and triglycerides (P≤0.05) were lower in the contamination period, as compared to adsorbent and non-contamination periods. The pregnancy rate through artificial insemination decreased significantly during the contamination period (P≤0.05) as compared to pre-contamination period. The overall pregnancy rate in the pre-contamination period was also significantly decreased as compared to the adsorbent and non-contamination periods (P≤0.001). The percentage of type III anestrus were significantly lower during the non-contamination period (P≤0.05). The percentages of cows with metritis during the non-contamination period was significantly lower (p≤0.05) as compared to the contamination period. It was concluded that the routine feed analysis was necessary to determine the presence of ZEA, DON and FB1. Moreover, mycotoxin binder supplementation and/or removing contaminated feedstuffs from the diet under mycotoxicosis conditions may prevent the severe negative energy balance and improve the milk yield and fertility parameters.

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“…Мікотоксикоз є великою групою захворювань великої рогатої худоби та дрібних жуйних тварин, а також птахів, завдають великої економічної шкоди тваринництву (Sandmeyer et al, 2015;Barański et al, 2021).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

Chekan

2022

SMLNUVMB

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The results of the study of the treatment of cows for gynecological pathology when feeding fodder affected by mycotoxins are given in a comparative aspect. To detect microscopic fungi and mycotoxins in fodder, organoleptic, physico-chemical, toxicological-biological chemical-mycological research methods and clinical methods for researching the condition of the organs of the reproductive system of cows using ultrasound diagnostics were used. The purpose of the research was the approval of methods of treatment of cows for gynecological pathology in conditions of feed contamination with microscopic fungi and their toxins. The tasks of the research were to study the species characteristics of microscopic fungi and their toxins in fodder for cows; establish the prevalence of microscopic fungi and their toxins; to determine the effectiveness of treatment of cows for mycotoxicosis in a comparative aspect with the use of sorbents and an estrogen inhibitor during gynecological dispensation. Black and spotted cows were used for research according to the principle of analogues, 4 groups were formed. The animals of the 1st group were healthy animals (n = 42), the animals of the 2nd experimental group (n = 43) were fed with a product based on eleolite (2.5 kg/t of feed), the cows of the 3rd group (n = 41) injected a means based on an estradiol inhibitor in a dose of 3 ml per animal, the 4th group of animals (n = 42) did not receive treatment during the experimental period. The mycotoxins deosinivalenol and zearalenol were found to be present in 22.02 % to 27.3 % of the examined feeds. At the same time, the presence of fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium was established from 1.45 % to 4.9 % of the studied samples. The best treatment effect was obtained in the 3rd group of cows. The number of cases of ovarian hypotrophy was 2.1 times lower compared to the 4th and 1.8 times lower in the 2nd group, but 1.3 times higher than the 1st group. Ovarian atrophy in cows of the 3rd group was 2 times lower than in the 2nd group and 5 times lower than in the 4th group. Pathologies such as endometritis and persistent yellow body were diagnosed at the same time and were 4.5 times less in cows of the 3rd group than in the 2nd and 10.1 times less than in the 4th. Taking into account the obtained data, it can be concluded that the use of a remedy based on celeotite reduced the manifestation of gynecological pathology due to mycotoxicosis by 1.65 times, and the use of a remedy based on an estradiol inhibitor by 3.94 times.

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Occurrence of Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in the Blood of High-Yielding Dairy Cows at Selected Collection Sites in Various Disease States

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows

Zearalenone and Its Metabolites in Blood Serum, Urine, and Milk of Dairy Cows

Fate of Milk Yield and Fertility Parameters in Holstein Dairy Cows Simultaneously Exposed to Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol and Fumonisin B1 Mycotoxicity

Distribution, diagnostics of mycotoxins in feed and prevention of gynecologi-cal pathology in cows

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