Occurrence of virulence factors in Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus originated from clinical samples

Holý, Ondřej; Cruz‐Córdova, Ariadnna; Xicohtencatl‐Cortes, Juan; Hochel, Igor; Parra‐Flores, Julio; Petrželová, Jana; Fačevicová, Kamila; Forsythe, Stephen; Alsonosi, Abdlrhman

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.011

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is known that after humans are infected by C. sakazakii , it can infect intestinal epithelial cells; from there, it invades the brain to infect human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), confirming a route by which to cause meningitis (Giri et al, 2012). In this context, the outer membrane proteins A (OmpA ) and X ( OmpX ) play important roles to explain how Cronobacter efficiently can adhere to and invade HBMEC, Caco-2, and INT-407 cells (Townsend et al, 2008; Kim et al, 2010; Holý et al, 2019). Strains expressing OmpA also resist killing and multiply in dendritic cells (Mittal et al, 2009; Holý et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Comparison of Food Isolates of Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging foodborne pathogen, which is linked to life-threatening infections causing septicemia, meningitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. These infections have been epidemiologically connected to ingestion of contaminated reconstituted powder infant formula. Even at low water activity C. sakazakii can survive for a long time; it is capable of protective biofilm formation and occasionally shows high virulence and pathogenicity even following stressful environmental conditions. Hence it is a challenging task for the food industry to control contamination of food ingredients and products through the entire production chain, since an increasing number of severe food-related outbreaks of C. sakazakii infections has been observed. The seemingly great capability of C. sakazakii to survive even strict countermeasures combined with its prevalence in many food ingredients requires a greater in depth understanding of its virulence factors to master the food safety issues related to this organism. In this context, we present the whole genome sequence (WGS) of two different C. sakazakii isolated from skimmed milk powder (C7) and ready-to-eat salad mix (C8), respectively. These are compared to other, already sequenced, C. sakazakii genomes. Sequencing of the fusA allele revealed that both isolates were C. sakazakii . We investigated the molecular characteristics of both isolates relevant for genes associated with pathogenesis and virulence factors, resistance to stressful environmental conditions (e.g., osmotic and heat), survival in desiccation as well as conducted a comparative genomic analysis. By using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), the genetic type of both isolates is assessed and the number of unique genes is determined. DNA of C. sakazakii C8 is shown to hold a novel and unique sequence type; the number of unique genes identified in the genomic sequence of C. sakazakii C7 and C8 were 109 and 188, respectively. Some of the determined unique genes such as the rhs and VgrG genes are linked to the Type VI Secretion System cluster, which is associated with pathogenicity and virulence factors. Moreover, seven genes encoding for multi-drug resistance were found in both isolates. The finding of a number of genes linked to producing capsules and biofilm are likely related to the observed resistance to desiccation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Comparison of Food Isolates of Cronobacter sakazakii

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The specific virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis are outer membrane proteins, enterotoxin, outer membrane protease, sialic acid utilization, iron acquisition system, efflux system, proteolytic enzymes, lipopolysaccharides, and type III hemolysin [17] (Figure 2). As reports revealed Cronobacter sakazakii strains were able to adhere to cell lines, HT-29, and N1E-115 cells and the majority of them demonstrated diversified virulence factors [9]. As reported by Almajed and Forsythe [6], Cronobacter sakazakii was able to persist and multiply in phagocytic macrophage and microglial cells.…”

Section: Cronobacter Sakazakii and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…For instance, in Canada, United States, Europe, and Asia-Pacific region there was a recall of infant formula from the market because of contamination of the product with Cronobacter [53,54]. bacter sakazakii possesses virulence factors that aid in tissue adhesion, invasion and host cell injury [9,17]. The specific virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis are outer membrane proteins, enterotoxin, outer membrane protease, sialic acid utilization, iron acquisition system, efflux system, proteolytic enzymes, lipopolysaccharides, and type III hemolysin [17] (Figure 2).…”

Section: Cronobacter Sakazakii and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

Int J Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes diseases like meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bacteremia in immunocompromised, low weight individuals, neonates, infants, and elders. Cronobacter sakazakii has the ability to persist in extremely dried foods such as powdered infant formula (PIF). Infant food contamination by this bacterium is attributed to biofilm which are microbial communities attached to biotic or abiotic surfaces using a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Cronobacter sakazakii can form biofilms on food, food processing surfaces, and equipment that leads cross-contamination. Cronobacter sakazakii also showed multidrug resistance to some antibiotics. Biofilm formation accompanied by antibiotic resistance is worrisome for medication. Therefore, to prevent or reduce risk contamination infant food companies, health sectors, caregivers, aid providers, and other concerned bodies must be informed and alerted about this hidden bacterium. Thus, this review article gives a brief overview of the role of Cronobacter sakazakii in infant food contamination and its survival strategies in hostile conditions

show abstract

“…The ompA gene encoding OmpA, has a significant role in Cronobacter invasion, was detected in 100% of the Cronobacter isolates. Similarly, the occurrence of ompA gene was found 100% among the Cronobacter isolates by many researchers [43,49]. On the contrary, in some studies, the incidence of Cronobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, virulence potential and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter species from ready-to-eat foods

Arslan¹,

Ertürk²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cronobacter , an emerging foodborne pathogen, contaminates various foods such as ready-to-eat (RTE) food due to its ubiquitous nature. Consumption of food contaminated with Cronobacter can cause severe infections in children, elderly or immunocompromised people. Therefore, we aimed to assess the presence of Cronobacter spp. in RTE foods, popularly consumed products, and pose potential health threat for consumers, especially for risk groups.Results Out of 340 RTE food samples, 59 (17.4%) were contaminated with Cronobacter spp. in this study. The highest contamination rate was found in meat free cig koftes (51.9%, 14/27), followed by spices (46.7%, 7/15), cereals (30.8%, 4/13), and desserts (30.2%, 13/43). A total of 64 Cronobacter isolates were identified phenotypically and genotypically from the 59 ready-to-eat foods samples. Molecular characterization was accomplished by PCR targeting 16S rRNA, gluA , rpoB and cgcA genes. The 64 Cronobacter isolates were completely identified by the biochemical and rpoB , while the PCR targeting the cgcA gene failed to identify to eight isolates. In this study, we investigated major virulence characteristics contributing to the pathogenicity of Cronobacter spp. including the outer membrane protein A, zinc-metalloprotease, siderophore production and biofilm formation. Many Cronobacter isolates (>87%) had these virulence characteristics. All isolates and a type strain were characterized using ERIC-PCR and genetic profiles of cluster analysis showed that the isolates were highly heterogeneous and genetically diverse. Antimicrobial susceptibility of RTE isolates to 18 different antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc diffusion method. Most Cronobacter isolates with a rate of 81.3% were resistant to cephalothin, 32.8% to cefoxitin and 20.3% to ampicillin. All Cronobacter isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The multidrug resistance to at least three or more antimicrobial agents was detected in 18.8% of Cronobacter isolates.Conclusions Results indicate that RTE food harbors potential pathogenic Cronobacter species and is a possible transmission vehicle for Cronobacter infection in vulnerable person. So, there is a need to adopt hygienic practices and rigorous sanitization treatments to ensure microbiological safety of RTE food.

show abstract

Occurrence of virulence factors in Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus originated from clinical samples

Cited by 46 publications

References 61 publications

Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Comparison of Food Isolates of Cronobacter sakazakii

Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Comparison of Food Isolates of Cronobacter sakazakii

Untitled

Prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characterization, virulence potential and antimicrobial resistance of Cronobacter species from ready-to-eat foods

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About