Occurrence of traumatic dental injuries among preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Objective:To determine the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) among Saudi preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and compare it with Saudi preschool children without ASD.Methods:This study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of three to five year old Saudi preschool children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The sample consisted of two groups; a study group (SG) of 257 ASD children, and a control group (CG) of age- and gender-matched 257 children without ASD. Clinical examinations were performed at selected ASD centers and kindergartens to determine the occurrence of TDIs based on modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification system.Results:Out of 514 children examined, 108 (21.0%) had suffered TDIs. The prevalence of TDIs was significantly higher in the SG (25.7%) children than the CG (16.3%) [p=0.012]. The primary maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth in both the groups; significantly more in CG (72.9%) than SG (50.1%) [p=0.017]. Enamel fracture was the most frequent type of TDI in both the groups; significantly more in CG (29.2%) than SG (21.1%) [p=0.032]. Luxation injuries and tooth avulsions were significantly higher in the SG than the CG (p=0.028).Conclusions:The occurrence of TDIs was higher in Saudi preschool children with ASD than in non-ASD children.

The relationship between special needs and dental trauma. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…All articles were classified as case‐control studies. In the study sample representative section, some studies showed major problems for the source of sample and minor problems in sampling method . No problems in sample size were found in six studies, and some studies showed major problems in entry criteria's/exclusions …”

“…Data from records and reports of those responsible were also used as a diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of TDI in patients with SN varied from 4.13% to 68.2% . For the control group, the prevalence of trauma ranged from 1.7% to 44.7% …”

“…When the control group section was analyzed, major problems were shown in the definition of controls, source of controls, matching/randomization, and comparable characteristics …”

“…Two articles used multivariate analysis to evaluate the predisposition to SN . Al Sarheed did not statistically compare patients with and without SN with respect to TDI.…”

Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviors, and Oral Health Care Utilization among Persons with Disabilities in Saudi Arabia

“…Of these, 15 articles were excluded and are listed in Supplementary Table S1 , along with the reasons for their exclusion ( Supplementary Table S1 ). Therefore, 38 studies were included in this review [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. No additional studies were found upon hand searching or searching the gray literature.…”