Occurrence of the vancomycin-resistant genes vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2 and vanC3 in Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry and pork

Lemcke, Ruth M.; Bülte, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0168-1605(00)00310-x

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…VanB type resistance (together with VanA type) in VRE from poultry products was also observed ( Van den Braak et al, 1998). Unlike to our findings, VanC type resistance was also found in VRE from poultry and pork (Lemck and Bulte, 2000). VanC1,vanC2,vanC3 together with vanA gene were identified in Enterococcus strains, but no vanB gene was detected in these isolates.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry

Kolář¹,

Pantůček²,

Bardoň³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The main goal of the study was to analyse the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in poultry in the Czech Republic in 1999-2000. The resistance was determined in 128 selected Escherichia coli, 88 Staphylococcus sp. and 228 Enterococcus sp. strains. The bacterial species were selected to represent gramnegatives and grampositives, the common part of intestinal microflora and also opportunistic pathogens. In Escherichia coli, 97% of strains were found to be resistant to tetracycline, 51% were resistant to ampicillin, and 31% were resistant to piperacillin. Increased frequencies of resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin (in 10% of the strains) were also found. In staphylococci, increased numbers of strains resistant to erythromycin (39%), clindamycin (19%), tetracycline (14%) and ofloxacin (13%) were observed. In enterococci, 80%, 59% and 34% of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin or nitrofurantoin, respectively. A high-level resistance to streptomycin was proved in 22% of the strains. Eleven Enterococcus sp. strains were found to be resistant to vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci -VRE). Being of the clinical importance, the VRE strains were analysed in detail. Six VRE were identified as Enterococcus faecium VanA, three strains belonged to Enterococcus sp. group III VanB. The remaining two strains were classified as Enterococcus faecium VanB and Enterococcus faecalis VanB, respectively. Based on SmaI macrorestriction analysis, regardless of their resistance type, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains formed a cluster distinct from the control group of vancomycin sensitive strains. Furthermore, within the cluster of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium strains, two clonal lines could be distinguished while the sensitive strains were more heterogeneous.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry

Kolář¹,

Pantůček²,

Bardoň³

et al. 2002

Vet. Med.

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“…All animal isolates tested carried the vanA gene, whereas 42% of the hospitalrelated isolates and 9% of other human-related isolates were the VanB type. Similarly, other workers found the VanB type in occasional clinical VRE isolates (11%) and fecal VRE from hospitalized patients (6%) in Europe (16), whereas the VanB type was rare among animal isolates (9,29). Other workers have also reported the presence of VRE in sewage (44) and treated sewage (43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Occurrence and Relatedness of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Animals, Humans, and the Environment in Different European Regions

Kühn

Iversen

Finn

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

112

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococcci (VRE) in Europe are thought to have emerged partly due to the use of the glycopeptide avoparcin in animal husbandry. We compared the occurrence of VRE in geographical regions of Europe in which until 1997 large amounts of avoparcin were used (Spain, United Kingdom, and Denmark) with the occurrence of VRE in Sweden, where avoparcin was banned in 1986. We also studied the relatedness between VRE strains from different regions and habitats. In total, 2,580 samples were collected from humans, animals, and the environment (soil, sewage, recipient water). VRE resistant to 20 g/ml vancomycin were identified in 8.2% of the samples and were found most frequently in raw and treated urban sewage samples (means, 71% and 36% of the samples, respectively), pig manure (17%), and hospital sewage (16%). The proportions of VRE-positive sewage samples were similar in Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom, whereas pig feces and manure were more often positive in Spain than in Sweden (30% versus 1%). Most VRE were Enterococcus faecium carrying vanA, and computerized biochemical phenotyping of the isolates of different ecological origins showed a high degree of polyclonality. In conclusion, it seems that animal-associated VRE probably reflect the former use of avoparcin in animal production, whereas VRE in human-associated samples may be a result of antibiotic use in hospitals. Since there seems to be a reservoir of the resistance genes in all countries studied, precautions must be taken to limit the use of antibiotics and antibiotic-like feed additives.Enterococci are members of the normal intestinal microflora in humans and animals, and they are common in environments affected by animal and human fecal material. These organisms are not considered primary pathogens, but because of their ability to acquire high-level resistance to antimicrobial agents enterococci have emerged as nosocomial pathogens worldwide (30). Concern has especially been focused on enterococci that show high-level resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin (vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE]), which until recently has been the drug of last resort against multiresistant enterococci and against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.In the United States, the incidence of bloodstream infection due to VRE increased from 0.4% in 1989 to 25.2% in 1999 (35), and between 15 and 24% of the hospitalized patients were reported to be colonized with VRE in 1998 (33). A later report indicated that 15% of all clinically relevant isolates of gram-positive cocci were VRE (17), whereas VRE of the VanA and VanB types have not been reported in animals so far. Thus, in the United States VRE are thought to have emerged and spread entirely as a result of the antibiotic use in hospitals. In Europe, infections caused by VRE remain a moderate problem in most countries. A European surveillance study found VRE in 7% of enterococcal isolates from blood cultures (13). On the other hand, healthy carriers of VRE in the community are relativ...

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“…In addition, PCR amplifications of well-known structural genes associated with resistance to tetracycline (tetL, tetM, tetO and tetS), vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1 and vanE) and erythromycin (ermB and ermC) were performed using conditions described elsewhere (Comunian et al 2010;Depardieu et al 2004;Lemcke and Bülteb 2000;Ng et al 2001) and the primers listed in Table 1. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.…”

Section: Safety Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal diversity and safety evaluation of enterococci population from goat milk in a farm

Ruiz

Pérez-Martín

Seseña

et al. 2015

Dairy Sci. & Technol.

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The presence and genetic diversity of enterococci in raw goat milk sampled in a farm during consecutive seasons were evaluated. Representative strains were screened for virulence determinants, susceptibility to antibiotics and the presence of genes involved in biogenic amine production. Counts of enterococci ranged between 2.80×10 1 and 2.50×10 3 cfu.mL -1 with summer samples showing the highest counts and winter samples the lowest. A total of 695 enterococci were isolated and genotyped. One hundred and thirty-three representative isolates from genotypes obtained in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) analysis were identified as belonging to Enterococcus faecium (62.9%), Enterococcus faecalis (28.2%) and Enterococcus hirae (8.9%) species. A higher number of genotypes was observed in the summer and spring samples. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was strain dependent, although the presence of genes did not always imply resistance, as occurred for vancomycin. All three species showed a high percentage of resistance to tetracycline. Strains from the warmer seasons (spring, summer and autumn) were resistant to a higher number of antibiotics and harboured a higher number of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. All the strains produced tyramine, while only one E. hirae strain from a spring sample produced putrescine. The feed regime of goats during the warm seasons was the main difference between samples and thus, it could be proposed that the feed is responsible for the differences in the results between seasons.

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Occurrence of the vancomycin-resistant genes vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2 and vanC3 in Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry and pork

Cited by 68 publications

References 15 publications

Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry

Occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains isolated in poultry

Occurrence and Relatedness of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Animals, Humans, and the Environment in Different European Regions

Seasonal diversity and safety evaluation of enterococci population from goat milk in a farm

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