Occurrence of the IS 900 gene in Mycobacterium avium complex derived from HIV patients

Naser, Saleh A.; Felix, J; LiPing, Huang; Romero, Claudia; Naser, Najih; Walsh, Amy D.; Safranek, William W.

doi:10.1006/mcpr.1999.0261

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A recent study demonstrated the presence of the IS900 insertion sequence typically associated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in 15 isolates of M. avium from human immunodeficiency virus patients (41), further corroborating the level of identity between the two subspecies and lending credence to the hypothesis that there is an overlap in protective sequences that could potentially be exploited for human vaccines as well.…”

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confidence: 53%

Expression Library Immunization Confers Protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection

et al. 2005

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Currently, paratuberculosis vaccines are comprised of crude whole-cell preparations of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Although effective in reducing clinical disease and fecal shedding, these vaccines have severe disadvantages as well, including seroconversion of vaccinated animals and granulomatous lesions at the site of vaccination. DNA vaccines can offer an alternative approach that may be safer and elicit more protective responses. In an effort to identify protective M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis sequences, a genomic DNA expression library was generated and subdivided into pools of clones (ϳ1,500 clones/pool). The clone pools were evaluated to determine DNA vaccine efficacy by immunizing mice via gene gun delivery and challenging them with live, virulent M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Four clone pools resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from mouse tissues compared to mice immunized with other clone pools and nonvaccinated, infected control mice. One of the protective clone pools was further partitioned into 10 clone arrays of 108 clones each, and four clone arrays provided significant protection from both spleen and mesenteric lymph node colonization by M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. The nucleotide sequence of each clone present in the protective pools was determined, and coding region functions were predicted by computer analysis. Comparison of the protective clone array sequences implicated 26 antigens that may be responsible for protection in mice. This study is the first study to demonstrate protection against M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection with expression library immunization.

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confidence: 53%

Expression Library Immunization Confers Protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection

et al. 2005

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“…Besides being elaborate and expensive, fingerprinting by RFLP requires large amounts of unsheared genomic DNA extracted from relatively large cultures. There are multiple reports (10,14,28,30) of the presence of IS900-like elements in mycobacteria other than M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…paratuberculosis mycobacteria, including M. avium subsp. avium (30,38), M. cookii (14), M. marinum, and M. scrofulaceum (10,28). Because of the importance of differentiating these closely related mycobacteria in clinical specimens there is a need for molecular targets based on genes other than IS900 to confirm the presence of M. avium subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis : Evidence for Limited Strain Diversity, Strain Sharing, and Identification of Unique Targets for Diagnosis

et al. 2003

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The objectives of this study were to understand the molecular diversity of animal and human strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated in the United States and to identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic molecular markers to aid in disease detection, prevention, and control. Multiplex PCR of IS900 integration loci (MPIL) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to fingerprint M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from animals (n ‫؍‬ 203) and patients with Crohn's disease (n ‫؍‬ 7) from diverse geographic localities. Six hundred bacterial cultures, including M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n ‫؍‬ 303), non-M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis mycobacteria (n ‫؍‬ 129), and other nonmycobacterial species (n ‫؍‬ 168), were analyzed to evaluate the specificity of two IS900 integration loci and a newly described M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific sequence (locus 251) as potential targets for the diagnosis of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. MPIL fingerprint analysis revealed that 78% of bovine origin M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates clustered together into a major node, whereas isolates from human and ovine sources showed greater genetic diversity. MPIL analysis also showed that the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from ovine and bovine sources from the same state were more closely associated than were isolates from different geographic regions, suggesting that some of the strains are shared between these ruminant species. AFLP fingerprinting revealed a similar pattern, with most isolates from bovine sources clustering into two major nodes, while those recovered from sheep or humans were clustered on distinct branches. Overall, this study identified a high degree of genetic similarity between M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains recovered from cows regardless of geographic origin. Further, the results of our analyses reveal a relatively higher degree of genetic heterogeneity among M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates recovered from human and ovine sources.Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (48). It is estimated that 35% of the U.S. herds are infected with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, resulting in annual losses of $200 million (7). Crohn's disease (CD) is also a chronic inflammation of distal intestines exhibiting a pathology similar to that of JD in ruminants. The prevalence of CD is estimated to be 0.15% among the U.S. population resulting in substantial morbidity and medical costs (1). M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis has been implicated as a cause of CD in humans (13,21,36). Currently, the evidence for a link remains inconclusive since strain sharing or a causal role of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis has not been demonstrated.Comprehensive analysis of the molecular diversity and comparative molecular pathology of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis will help establish the degree of heterog...

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“…avium indicate that a considerable proportion (25% according to Roiz et al. [28], 58% according to Naser et al [23], and 73% according to Hampson et al [11]) carry the IS900 element or an IS900-like sequence element, which is traditionally considered a genetic hallmark of M. paratuberculosis. Hence, data suggest that clinical M. avium subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects ofInVitroHIV-1 Infection on Mycobacterial Growth in Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

2010

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Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and opportunistic mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Both mycobacteria and HIV-1 may infect macrophages, and thus, coinfection may generate conditions that reciprocally influence the intracellular replication of the pathogens. Elucidation of the interaction between HIV-1 and mycobacteria in their common target cell is important for understanding pathogenesis in coinfected individuals. In this study, we investigated the effects of in vitro HIV-1 infection on the growth of M. tuberculosis, M. avium, and M. paratuberculosis in human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Interestingly, HIV-1 infection induced a greater bacterial burden in coinfected cell cultures for all of the mycobacterial species tested and specifically induced accelerated growth of M. tuberculosis with a reduced mean generation time. The interaction of HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis was especially detrimental to the host cell, causing a significant synergistic reduction in macrophage viability. Also, in M. tuberculosis/HIV-1-coinfected cultures, increased levels of interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor were observed and viral replication was enhanced. Overall, the present data suggest that HIV-1 infection of macrophages may impair their ability to contain mycobacterial growth. Furthermore, coinfection with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis seems to give rise to synergistic effects at the cellular level that mutually enhance the replication of both pathogens. This may, in part, contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality seen in coinfected individuals.Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has caused a global pandemic, and approximately 33.4 million people were living with HIV infection by the end of 2008 (34). HIV ϩ individuals have an increased susceptibility to a wide range of opportunistic bacterial infections (reviewed in references 2 and 25). However, infections with certain opportunistic organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis are of particular concern, as people in resource-poor countries are often struck disproportionately hard, with increased morbidity and mortality due to the relatively high prevalence of HIV-1 and mycobacterial coinfections and limited access to appropriate treatment.In the clinical context of HIV-1 infection, M. tuberculosis and M. avium complex (MAC) infections are the most frequent. These mycobacteria display various propensities to cause disease. Notably, M. tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in HIV ϩ patients and a major public health concern, while MAC infections are typically seen in the later stages of HIV infection, when the adaptive immunity of the host is compromised. By current classical genetic criteria, the MAC consists of mainly two species, M. intracellulare and M. avium, and M. avium is further subdivided into three subsets, M. avium subsp. avium (here referred to as M. avium) M. avium subsp. paratuber...

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Occurrence of the IS 900 gene in Mycobacterium avium complex derived from HIV patients

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Expression Library Immunization Confers Protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection

Expression Library Immunization Confers Protection against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis : Evidence for Limited Strain Diversity, Strain Sharing, and Identification of Unique Targets for Diagnosis

Effects ofInVitroHIV-1 Infection on Mycobacterial Growth in Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Derived Macrophages

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