Occurrence of the fungi from the genus Ampelomyces – hyperparasites of powdery mildews (Erysiphales) infesting trees and bushes in the municipal environment

Abstract

The studies refer to the phenomenon of hyperparasitism in the municipal environment. The paper presents the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces on Erysiphales -important group of phytopathogenic fungi. For the first time in Poland analyzed degree of infestation of Erysiphales mycelium by Ampelomyces and effect of the hyperparsites on the degree of infestation plants by Erysiphales. The high participation of the Ampelomyces was noted in each year of the study. Substantial differences were noted in the occurrence of Ampelomyces depending on the developmental stage of the host fungi and considerable differences in the prevalence of the hyperparasites on particular Erysiphales species. In all cases examined, the mean index of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales was higher than the mean degree of infestation of powdery mildew mycelium by Ampelomyces. The results indicate that under natural conditions they do not play any significant role in the reduction of the degree of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales and do not disturb drastically their life cycle.

Scientific Research Conducted at the Department of Mycology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

“…Based on the documented observations, A. quisqualis was classified as an urbanophil. The high prevalence of mycoparasites of the genus Ampelomyces, with a simultaneous high prevalence of Erysiphales fungi, confirmed earlier conclusions that the presence of A. quisqualis in natural conditions neither considerably limits the host plant infestation by Erysiphales nor disrupts their life cycle (Sucharzewska et al, 2011). Ampelomyces quisqualis was found most frequently in young fruit bodies of Erysiphales fungi, but with Erysiphe flexuosa on Aesculus hippocastanum and E. vanbruntiana var.…”

“…Some new hosts were found, e.g., Juglans nigra for Ascochyta juglandis, Quercus rubra for Discosia artocreas, Ginkgo biloba for Epicoccum purpurascens, Juniperus communis for Pestalotia guepinii, and Crataegus monogyna for Seimatosporium lichenicola. Erysiphe trifolii was driven out from C. arborescens by E. palczewskii (Sucharzewska et al, 2011).…”

Puccinia passerinii (Pucciniales) on Thesium ebracteatum in the Biebrza National Park – new data on its distribution in Central Europe

“…It results from the intensification of research addressing parasite microfungi and factors that facilitate the spreading of this group of plant pathogens onto new areas and new hosts. Reports concerning the parasite microfungi originate from both natural (national parks, reserves) as well as anthropogenic areas [34][35][36][37][38]. These investigations concern mainly common, wild and cultivable plants.…”

Biological control of cashew powdery mildew using <i>Ampelomyces quisqualis</i> Ces

“…Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces have been documented to be intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew (Szentiványi et al, 2003). Genus Ampelomyces belong to the class of coelomycetes that are widespread, thermophilic and adapted to various climatic conditions (Sucharzewska et al, 2011).…”