Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceutical and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Effluent and Water Samples from Municipal Wastewater and Drinking-Water Treatment Facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina, 2003-2005

Ferrell, G.M.

doi:10.3133/ofr20091046

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Cape Fear River basin is the largest river basin in North Carolina and has an area of approximately 9,183 mi 2 . The basin is highly developed in its headwaters where the most populated cities are located (Ferrell, 2009). The Cape Fear River is 200 mi long and flows southeast into the Atlantic Ocean (Ferrell, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basin is highly developed in its headwaters where the most populated cities are located (Ferrell, 2009). The Cape Fear River is 200 mi long and flows southeast into the Atlantic Ocean (Ferrell, 2009). The river provides drinking water to residents in the basin area, and some of the intakes are located downstream of WWTPs, which can be affected by WWTP effluent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discharge of WWTPs and NPDES sources were obtained from USEPA or from counties within the watersheds. To evaluate the results of spatial analysis, the authors obtained measurement data of selected CECs and detailed information about sampling and analysis methods from the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA, 2011; Snyder et al, 2008; Trenholm et al, 2008; Vanderford & Snyder, 2006; Vanderford et al, 2003); the City of Thornton, Colo. (2012); Ferrell (2009); and the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYC DEP, 2011, 2010; Phillips & Bode, 2002). The CEC sampling data were collected from surface water systems, although the frequency and the period of sampling campaign varied among each water system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Watershed Susceptibility to Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Park

2015

Journal AWWA

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Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are raising public awareness because of their potential effect on aquatic ecosystems and public health. For this study, the authors applied spatial analyses to four selected US watersheds to identify critical areas susceptible to CECs and used watershed characteristics (i.e., potential source distribution, land use, climatic and hydrologic conditions) to prioritize the types of CECs. The results identified sub‐basins where major wastewater treatment plants are located as critical areas for potential CEC point source pollution in general. Sub‐basins containing intensive agricultural activities with high precipitation greatly contributed to CEC pollution, especially during wet‐weather periods. The rank of prioritized prescribed pharmaceutical groups was similar for most watersheds because of the association between pharmaceutical groups and population demographics. Prioritized pesticide types were dependent on the type and areas of crops and urban yards in each watershed. This study demonstrates the utility of using spatial analysis for effectively assessing CECs in watersheds, which is important for the implementation of monitoring and management strategies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Watershed Susceptibility to Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Park

2015

Journal AWWA

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“…Maximum concentrations of tributyl phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, and tris(dichloroisopropyl)phosphate in untreated-influent samples were 0.99, 51.0, and 1.3 µg/L, respectively (Null and others, 2019). BPA, a common plasticizer (Ferrell, 2009), was detected in 93 percent of untreated-influent samples but was not detected in treated-effluent samples. Maximum concentrations of BPA were 1.01 and less than 0.20 µg/L (less than the LRL), in untreated-influent and treated-effluent samples, respectively (Null and others, 2019).…”

Section: Flame Retardants and Plasticizersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Buxton and Kolpin (2002) reported that several compounds, steroids, insect repellents, and nonprescription drugs were frequently detected in surface-water samples collected across the United States. Examples of recent reports documenting the presence of CECs in the aquatic environment in different parts of the United States include reports pertaining to the presence of CECs in North Carolina (Ferrell, 2009); Minnesota (Lee and others, 2010); Pennsylvania (Reif and others, 2012); and Wisconsin (Tomasek and others, 2012). Opsahl and Lambert (2013) also reported on the presence of CECs in the San Antonio River Basin in south-central Texas, and evaluated detections, concentrations, and distribution patterns of selected CECs downstream from effluent discharge locations in San Antonio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compounds of emerging concern detected in water samples from potable water and wastewater treatment plants and detected in water and bed-sediment samples from sites on the Trinity River, Dallas, Texas, 2009–13

Churchill¹,

Baldys²,

Gunn³

et al. 2020

Scientific Investigations Report

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Compounds of Emerging Concern Detected in Water and Sediment Samples, Trinity River, Dallas, Texas detected in finished water or in treated-effluent water samples, respectively, indicating that these compounds were removed or degraded to compounds that were not analyzed. Some CECs, however, are resistant to degradation and were detected in untreated and treated water at PWTPs and at WWTPs. The three CECs detected at PWTPs in raw-water and finishedwater samples were tris(dichloroisopropyl)phosphate, benzophenone, and methyl salicylate. At WWTPs, 29 CECs were detected, including carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, 3-beta-coprostanol, acetylhexamethyl-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), hexahydrohexamethyl-cyclopenta-benzopyran (HHCB), 1,4-dichlorobenzene, tribromomethane, benzophenone, and tris(dichloroisopropyl)phosphate, in untreated and treated water, indicating that treatment processes likely did not remove or degrade these compounds. Of the 23 CECs detected in stream-water samples collected at 5 sites on the Trinity River in or near Dallas, 10 CECs (carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, caffeine, 3-beta-coprostanol, cholesterol, HHCB, benzophenone, triethyl citrate, tributyl phosphate, and tris(dichloroisopropyl) phosphate) were detected at all 5 sites. The 10 CECs detected in water samples collected at all 5 sites on the Trinity River were also detected in treated-effluent water at WWTPs. Eleven of the 57 targeted CECs were detected in bedsediment samples collected at study sites on the Trinity River. Of these 11 CECs, only 2 (beta-sitosterol and cholesterol) were detected in bed-sediment samples at all 5 sites on the Trinity River. Nine of these 11 CECs were not detected in any water-column sample, likely because of the strong hydrophobic characteristics of these compounds. Results from water treatment plants indicate that the water treatment process is less effective for removing or degrading compounds that are engineered to be resistant to degradation. These results also indicate the presence of CECs and EDCs at locations upstream from PWTPs in Dallas. Results from Trinity River main-stem sites indicate that some compounds are naturally attenuated during transport, but a few are persistent throughout the study reach. Many CECs and EDCs are hydrophobic and were only detected in bed sediment, indicating multiple pathways through which CECs can persist in the environment. In general, concentrations of CECs in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area were similar to those found in metropolitan areas nationwide.

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Implementing Effective Monitoring Sites for Emerging Contaminants from the Assessment of Their Critical Areas: Comparative Studies of Multiple Watersheds in the United States

Park

2016

J. Environ. Eng.

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Occurrence of Selected Pharmaceutical and Organic Wastewater Compounds in Effluent and Water Samples from Municipal Wastewater and Drinking-Water Treatment Facilities in the Tar and Cape Fear River Basins, North Carolina, 2003-2005

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Evaluation of Watershed Susceptibility to Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Evaluation of Watershed Susceptibility to Contaminants of Emerging Concern

Compounds of emerging concern detected in water samples from potable water and wastewater treatment plants and detected in water and bed-sediment samples from sites on the Trinity River, Dallas, Texas, 2009–13

Implementing Effective Monitoring Sites for Emerging Contaminants from the Assessment of Their Critical Areas: Comparative Studies of Multiple Watersheds in the United States

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