Occurrence of select perfluoroalkyl substances at U.S. Air Force aqueous film-forming foam release sites other than fire-training areas: Field-validation of critical fate and transport properties

Anderson, Rob; Long, Gang; Porter, Ronald C.; Anderson, Janet K.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.014

Cited by 290 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Each additional military fire training area within the same HUC is associated with a 20% increase in PFHxS ( p = 0.002), a 10% increase in PFHpA ( p = 0.155), a 10% increase in PFOA ( p = 0.111), and a 35% increase in PFOS ( p < 0.001). AFFFs typically contain relatively high concentrations of PFOS and PFHxS and their polyfluorinated precursors compared to the concentrations of other perfluorinated carboxylates, 23,52−54 which is consistent with these statistical results.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Andrews

Lindstrom

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

949

716

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Drinking water contamination with poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) poses risks to the developmental, immune, metabolic, and endocrine health of consumers. We present a spatial analysis of 2013–2015 national drinking water PFAS concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) program. The number of industrial sites that manufacture or use these compounds, the number of military fire training areas, and the number of wastewater treatment plants are all significant predictors of PFAS detection frequencies and concentrations in public water supplies. Among samples with detectable PFAS levels, each additional military site within a watershed’s eight-digit hydrologic unit is associated with a 20% increase in PFHxS, a 10% increase in both PFHpA and PFOA, and a 35% increase in PFOS. The number of civilian airports with personnel trained in the use of aqueous film-forming foams is significantly associated with the detection of PFASs above the minimal reporting level. We find drinking water supplies for 6 million U.S. residents exceed US EPA’s lifetime health advisory (70 ng/L) for PFOS and PFOA. Lower analytical reporting limits and additional sampling of smaller utilities serving <10000 individuals and private wells would greatly assist in further identifying PFAS contamination sources.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Andrews

Lindstrom

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

949

716

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, although PC 3 in both periods was of minor importance, the distribution pattern of indicative compounds reflected the influence of certain sources. PFBS was used in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) to replace PFOS41 and it was also observed in the impacted surface water294445, besides, PFBS in this study also presented in similar pattern (e.g. W5–7, downstream of the Airport).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Zhang

Wang

Wang³

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Various per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) were first systematically investigated in North Canal Basin, Beijing, China. A total of 68 surface water samples were collected from North Canal Basin, Beijing, at high spatial resolution. The seasonal disparity was compared and associated with source variation. PFCs concentrations in low-water period ranged from 26 to 207 ng/L, and significantly declined levels were found in high-water period. The individual component proportions among different sites varied less in high-water period, when runoff played a role in mixing and diluting PFCs. A methodology combined with principal component analysis (PCA), heat map-hierarchical cluster analysis (HM-HCA), and correlation analysis were introduced to discriminate sources of PFCs in surface water. The statistical results agreed with each other, and daily domestic consumption, fire-fighting products and related industries were identified as sources of PFCs in this region. In addition, two composition ratios were proposed through the methodology to distinguish the impact of nonpoint source, and the outcome demonstrates that great disparities exist in compositional profiles between nonpoint source and others. Overall, the results showed that this comprehensive analysis method has great potential for source apportionment in surface water and other environmental compartments.

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“…Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were also detected in a significant number of surface soil, subsurface soil, and sediment samples (Anderson et al., ). Statistical analysis of results indicated PFOS was the predominant PFAS detected across all media, followed by PFHxS (Anderson et al., ). PFOA was also detected across all media, but at much lower concentrations (Anderson et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In groundwater, PFOA and PFOS were both detected in 124 of 149 samples tested (83 percent; Anderson et al., ). Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were also detected in a significant number of surface soil, subsurface soil, and sediment samples (Anderson et al., ). Statistical analysis of results indicated PFOS was the predominant PFAS detected across all media, followed by PFHxS (Anderson et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analysis of results indicated PFOS was the predominant PFAS detected across all media, followed by PFHxS (Anderson et al., ). PFOA was also detected across all media, but at much lower concentrations (Anderson et al., ). The analysis of the data suggests ECF‐based AFFF was the dominant source of contamination, even though fluorotelomer products were also used at many of these sites and that many of the contaminants observed were formed in situ by degradation (Anderson et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence and behavior of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from aqueous film‐forming foam in groundwater systems

Hatton

Holton

DiGuiseppi

2018

Remediation Journal

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Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are fluorinated compounds and the active ingredient in aqueous film‐forming foam (AFFF). AFFF has been identified as a significant source of PFAS contamination in groundwater. PFAS are also present in many other industrial and consumer products and their manufacture and use has led to numerous contaminated sites. Human health risks have been identified with studies linking firefighter cancers to training facilities where AFFF was used. Given the widespread release of these compounds to the environment and their potential health risks, understanding their mobility characteristics is important. This article details the occurrence and behavior of these substances in groundwater systems to help guide the emerging fields of PFAS investigation and remediation. Background is presented on AFFF and PFAS source characteristics, including common industrial and consumer PFAS sources. In addition, chemical properties, sorption and retention parameters, and observed transformation properties of PFAS and related compounds are discussed. Finally, knowledge gaps are identified for future laboratory and field studies.

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Occurrence of select perfluoroalkyl substances at U.S. Air Force aqueous film-forming foam release sites other than fire-training areas: Field-validation of critical fate and transport properties

Cited by 290 publications

References 37 publications

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in U.S. Drinking Water Linked to Industrial Sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants

Occurrence and source apportionment of Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFCs) in North Canal Basin, Beijing

Occurrence and behavior of per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances from aqueous film‐forming foam in groundwater systems

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