Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in taps: implications for patients with cystic fibrosis

Caskey, S.; Stirling, Jonathan; Moore, John E.; Rendall, J.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2017.10.018

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Some manufacturers recommend “running” water, indicating tap water, whereas others recommend “clean” water, which could be interpreted as tap water. Tap water should not be advocated for the final rinse as it can be contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and as such CF patients may re-contaminate their nebuliser after having successfully washed and disinfected it (Caskey et al, 2018). Furthermore, active drying following disinfection is not advocated as this may also be a source of recontamination (Hohenwarter et al, 2016) and, in the case of mesh nebulisers, filaments from drying cloths or tissue may lodge in the mesh pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nebuliser cleaning and disinfection practice in the home among patients with cystic fibrosis

MacFarlane

Carson

Crossan

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection Prevention

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Background: Nebulised delivery of different classes of drugs is of fundamental importance in therapeutic regimens relating to both the management of disease progression in cystic fibrosis disease and its associated complications. The aim of this study was to determine if current nebuliser hygiene practices in the home environment by paediatric and adult cystic fibrosis populations are appropriate to ensure appropriate infection control and prevention measures have been addressed. Methods: An Audit Questionnaire Study was completed with adult cystic fibrosis patients ( n=20) or with parents of cystic fibrosis children ( n=24), through a healthcare professional interview on a one-to-one basis, during either a home visit or during patient/parent attendance at cystic fibrosis clinic. Results: Hygienic practices relating to nebuliser care varied, with paediatric carers more likely to clean and disinfect their devices. This study suggests there is much variation and confusion with regard to how to clean and disinfect nebulisers, as well as who is responsible for delivering this advice. Conclusion: The adult cystic fibrosis community in particular needs to be educated on practicalities associated with nebuliser hygiene and the reasons why this is important. Furthermore, to date there is a lack of a universally recommended guideline suitable for all types of cystic fibrosis nebulisers that all relevant pharmaceutical manufacturers advocate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nebuliser cleaning and disinfection practice in the home among patients with cystic fibrosis

MacFarlane

Carson

Crossan

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection Prevention

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“…P. aeruginosa is also considered to be an opportunistic pathogen, often occurring with existing conditions such as with cystic fibrosis or traumatic burns. This bacterium colonizes natural aquatic and engineered water environments and water‐related transmission of P. aeruginosa to humans is of high relevance in hospitals where antibiotic‐resistant strains pose an increased risk to vulnerable patients .…”

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confidence: 99%

Interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Acanthamoeba polyphaga Observed by Imaging Flow Cytometry

et al. 2019

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram‐negative bacterium that is abundant in the environment and water systems, with strains that cause serious infections, especially in patients with compromised immune systems. In times of stress or as part of its natural life cycle, P. aeruginosa can adopt a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state, which renders it undetectable by current conventional food and water testing methods and makes it highly resistant to antibiotic treatment. Specific conditions can resuscitate these coccoid VBNC P. aeruginosa cells, which returns them to their active, virulent rod‐shaped form. Underreporting the VBNC cells of P. aeruginosa by standard culture‐based methods in water distribution systems may therefore pose serious risks to public health. As such, being able to accurately detect and quantify the presence of VBNC P. aeruginosa, especially in a hospital setting, is of critical importance. Herein, we describe a method to analyze VBNC P. aeruginosa using imaging flow cytometry. With this technique, we can accurately distinguish between active and VBNC forms. We also show here that association of VBNC P. aeruginosa with Acanthamoeba polyphaga results in resuscitation of P. aeruginosa to an active form within 2 h. Our approach could provide an alternative, reliable detection method of VBNC P. aeruginosa when coupled with species‐specific staining. Most importantly, our experiments demonstrate that the coculture with amoebae can lead to a resuscitation of P. aeruginosa of culturable morphology after only 2 h, indicating that VBNC P. aeruginosa could potentially resuscitate in piped water (healthcare) environments colonized with amoebae. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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“…These results indicate that these products continue to represent risk for human consumption and agrees with earlier Brazilian Ministry of Health data (Brasil ).According to Pedrosa et al (), the water marketed in returnable bottles should be more closely controlled, especially in terms of its microbiological characteristics. Studies performed in water marketed in not returnable bottles in others countries revealed low occurrence or absence of bacterial contamination (Caskey et al ; Totaro et al ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of total coliforms,Escherichia coliandCronobacterspecies in commercially available 20 l bottled drinking water sold in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Vasconcellos¹,

Medeiros²,

Rosas³

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Cronobacter infections of infants are commonly regarded as due to the ingestion of contaminated feed. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Cronobacter, total coliforms and Escherichia coli in different brands of natural mineral waters as sold in 20 l returnable bottles in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The quantification of total coliforms and E. coli was performed by Most Probable Number. The detection of Cronobacter was as according to the ISO 22964:2017 and Bacteriological Analytical Manual/FDA. Molecular characterization of Cronobacter isolates was performed by real‐time PCR and by multi‐locus sequence typing. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined and biofilm production was evaluated in polystyrene microplates. Total coliforms and E. coli were detected in 13 (39·4%) and 2 (6·1%) of the 33 lots analysed respectively, and were considered unsatisfactory for human consumption according to Brazilian law. One (3·0%) lot showed contamination by C. malonaticus ST440 (Cronobacter MLST Databases accession no. ID 2646). The strain was susceptible to all (n = 13) antibiotics tested and only formed a weak biofilm. Since there is a high consumption of natural mineral waters by elderly and immunosuppressed persons, epidemiological surveillance agencies should be aware of the risk that these waters may represent for these groups. Significance and Impact of the Study Cronobacter malonaticus ST440 was isolated from 20 l bottled drinking natural mineral waters sold in markets in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and can be a potential threat to human health, particularly for neonates. Thirteen lots (39·4%) were unsatisfactory for human consumption due to the presence of total coliforms and/or Escherichia coli.

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Occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in taps: implications for patients with cystic fibrosis

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Nebuliser cleaning and disinfection practice in the home among patients with cystic fibrosis

Nebuliser cleaning and disinfection practice in the home among patients with cystic fibrosis

Interactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Acanthamoeba polyphaga Observed by Imaging Flow Cytometry

Occurrence of total coliforms,Escherichia coliandCronobacterspecies in commercially available 20 l bottled drinking water sold in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

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