Occurrence of potential virulence determinants inAeromonasspp. isolated from different aquatic environments

Abstract

Aeromonas species are bacterial pathogens that cause significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. They are widely distributed in aquatic environments and cause several diseases in both humans and aquatic animals. The presence of various virulent Aeromonas spp. in aquatic environments predisposes infections in aquatic animals and humans. Concern about the transfer of pathogens from fish to humans also increased with the substantial increase in seafood consumption. Aeromonas spp. are also primary human pathogens that cause local and systemic infections, both in immunologically compromised and immunologically competent hosts. The most common Aeromonas spp. causing infections in aquatic animals and humans are A. hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. caviae, and A. veronii biotype sobria. The ability of Aeromonas spp. to produce a variety of virulence factors enhances their pathogenic ability. Literature has supplied evidence for the presence of various virulence factors including proteases, enterotoxins, hemolysin, and toxin genes of Aeromonas spp. in aquatic environments. The high prevalence of Aeromonas spp. in the aquatic environment is also a threat to public health. Because the Aeromonas spp. infections in humans are generally the result of ingestion or exposure to contaminated food and water. This review summarizes the recently published information on various virulence factors and virulence genes of Aeromonas spp. isolated from various aquatic environments including seawater, freshwater, wastewater, and drinking water. It is also intended to highlight the risks associated with Aeromonas species’ virulence properties for both aquaculture and public health.

Prevalence of Aeromonas species in Clarias gariepinus and water from different culture facilities in fish farms in Kwara State, Nigeria

“…<0.01 ¥ <0.001 ¥ <0.001 ¥ N = Number of isolates χ 2 = Chi-square; value ¥ = Significant at p<0.05; a = between row b = between column DISCUSSION Aeromonas species are widely distributed in the aquatic environment and are responsible for several diseases in fish farms. The presence of different species of Aeromonas in water in holding facilities predisposes fish to disease (Guerra et al, 2022;Majeed et al, 2023). The prevalence of 46.29 % recorded in this study was higher than the prevalence of 12.5% recorded by El-Gohary et al (2020) from pond water in Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt, but was lower than the prevalence of 53.3 % obtained by Adah et al ( 2021) from the water in the different cultural facilities in Kaduna State, Nigeria.…”

Assessment of Bacteria Contaminants in Different Zones and Point Sources of Sandy Beaches in Accra, Ghana

“…29 A. hydrophila, A. bestiarum, A. caviae, A. sobria, and A. veronii species are responsible for causing motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS) as well as gastroenteritis, tissue infections and wounds to their hosts. 30 Aeromonas may be isolated from water sources such as sewage and wastewaters, freshwater, drinking water, and estuarine environments. 30 This agrees with this study in which A. bestarium was isolated from a point source.…”

Isolation and characterization of the lytic Aeromonas phage HJ05,a new member of Caudovirales

“…and 75 •C, respectively. To evaluate pH stability of HJ05, aliquots of 1 mL stocked solution (10 8 PFU/mL) was treated at 30 •C for 2 h with 10 mL PBS buffers with varied pH values (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The experiments were performed according to a previos report [38], and the tests were conducted in triplicate.…”

“…A. hydrophila is often associated with infectious diseases in freshwater sh species characterized by extensive bleeding in visceral tissue, gill and body surface [3]. It occasionally causes human diarrhea and septicemia [4]. A. hydrophila infections frequently result in malignant diseases with a very high mortality in aquaculture.…”