Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment samples from KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa

Ngubo, Ayanda.; Mahlambi, Precious; Ojwach, Stephen O.

doi:10.1111/wej.12598

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In non-automated-SPE procedure, different results have been reported according to the extraction methods. For example, the recovery of PAH compounds from bottled water was reported to range from 92.5 to 103.4% using magnetic solid-phase extraction by Sharifiarab et al (38) and it ranged from 85 to 121% by ultrasonic extraction method in a study by Ngubo et al (39). The regression analysis revealed that there was not any significant difference between recovery percentages at three spiked concentrations of PAHs including 100, 500, and 1000 ng/L (P > 0.05).…”

Section: Extraction Of Pahs From Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk

Doost

Emamjomeh

Jamali

et al. 2022

Avicenna J Environ Health Eng

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Considering the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human health and the complexity of their detection in water resources, this study was developed to assess the performance of a new automated device for the identification of PAHs in water based on the solid-phase extraction and to simulate the cancer risk of 16 priority PAHs by Monte Carlo technique. All operational modes of extraction were automatically performed using the proprietary software program. Three spiked aliquots of PAHs including 100, 500, and 1000 ng/L were used to evaluate the performance of the automated-solid phase extraction (SPE) apparatus. The time of extraction in the automatic-SPE apparatus was 50±4 minutes for simultaneous extraction of 4 water samples, which was four times faster than that of manual-SPE apparatus. The mean recoveries of PAHs were 89.22±4.94, 91.70±4.45, and 94.61±6.28% in spiked samples, with a mean of 91.84±5.22%. Except for naphthalene, all obtained recoveries were in an acceptable range (85-115%). The results of Monte Carlo simulation showed that the cancer risk attributable to eight detected PAHs including naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene (Phe), benzoanthracene, chrysene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, indeno(cd)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ranged from 0.05E-6 to 0.11E-6, with the cancer risk of 0.012E-6 having the highest probability (P=0.82). Additionally, this simulation showed that 99% of the probability density of cancer risk was located within the range lower than 0.05E-6. Our results showed that the novel automated-SPE apparatus could be utilized for the extraction of PAHs from water resources with a good recovery (85%-115%), high operational speed, and potential for separation of solvents from the air in the drying step. Therefore, this device can be used for the extraction of trace PAHs and similar organic compounds from water resources.

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Section: Extraction Of Pahs From Water Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk

Doost

Emamjomeh

Jamali

et al. 2022

Avicenna J Environ Health Eng

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“…Calibration curves were built using the analyte/internal standar peak area ratio, for the GC-MS analysis in SIM or MRM mode versus analyte concentration. [3,34,35].…”

Section: Quality Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Micropollutants in Sediment and Mud Clams (Polymesoda erosa) from One of Mangrove Biodiversity Hotspots in Indonesia

Azis

Setiyanto

Salim

et al. 2021

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

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This study aims to explore persistent microorganic pollutants (Poly chloro byphneyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)) in sediment and mud clams (Polymesoda erosa) in Segara Anakan Lagoon (SAL). In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the mud clams were evaluated their risk consumption and Bioaccumulation factor in sediment. Concentrations of 7 PCBs in the sediment were found in the range 0.11 ± 0.05 to 2.63 ± 0.1 μg.kg -1 sed.dw. OCPs levels were found in the range of 0.2 ± 0.05 and 2.9 ± 0.01 μg.kg -1 sed.dw. In P. erosa, 16Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) (USEPA) were found in the range from 103.34±2.01 to 1348.31±18.21 μg.kg -1 tissue dry weight (dw), PCBs content was found only in one station at concentration 2.34±1.72 μg.kg -1 tissue dw and OCPs content was found in the range 0.87 ± 0.03 to 24.79 ± 1.30 μg.kg -1 tissue dw. The disturbance matrices have been evaluated with the appropriate samples according to the extraction yield and yield analysis. Several guidelines evaluate the quality of sediment on PCBs and OCPs (i.e. pp-DDE). The consumption evaluation shows that this mud clam P. erosa has been contaminated of PAHs and not recommended for human consumption. They were potentially as site-specific bioaccumulation in sediment for organic micropollutants which receives from any untreated sewage, industrial waste discharge into the canal system of river of Segara Anakan Lagoon.

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Efficiency comparison of extraction methods for the determination of 11 of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water matrices: Sources of origin and ecological risk assessment

Ndwabu,

Malungana,

Mahlambi

2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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As a result of their toxicity, ease of analysis, and environmental occurrence, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were chosen as priority pollutants by the USEPA. Few studies have been conducted to assess the levels of PAHs in South Africa, especially KwaZulu Natal province, and no work has been done in the selected study area. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the levels of such PAHs in river water and wastewater samples and evaluate their source and ecological risk. The status of these PAHs in the South African environment has not been investigated fully, which is a gap this study intended to fill. The PAHs were determined using solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods. The optimization and validation of these methods indicated that both methods can be used for the extraction of PAHs in liquid samples. This is because of the acceptable %recovery of 72.1%–118% for SPE and 70.7%–88.4% for DLLME with a %RSD less than 10% (indicating high precision) that was obtained. The limit of detection and limit of quantification ranged from 5.0 to 18 ng/L and 6.0–20 ng/L for SPE and from 10 to 44 ng/L and 11 to 63 ng/L for DLLME. These results demonstrated that SPE is more accurate and sensitive than DLLME, which was also confirmed by statistical analysis. The PAH concentration levels ranged from not detected (nd) to 1046 ng/L in river water and nd to 778 ng/L in wastewater samples with naphthalene demonstrating dominance over all other PAHs in both water matrices. The PAHs were found to be of petrogenic origin and posed low ecological risk on average. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–13. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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Occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and sediment samples from KwaZulu Natal Province, South Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk

Evidence of Micropollutants in Sediment and Mud Clams (Polymesoda erosa) from One of Mangrove Biodiversity Hotspots in Indonesia

Efficiency comparison of extraction methods for the determination of 11 of the 16 USEPA priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water matrices: Sources of origin and ecological risk assessment

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