Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

Jiang, Jinhua; Shidi, Shi; Chen, Tao

doi:10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60169-8

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In Fig. 3 it can be seen the chromatogram of non spiked freeze dried mussel extract (1), the chromatogram of freeze dried mussel extract spiked at 20 ng/g (2) and the chromatogram of standard at the same level as extract (50 ng/mL) in isooctane (3). Recovery ranged between 80 and 108% for all PBDEs compounds ( Table 5).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are a group of per sistent organic pollutants (POPs) consists of 209 PBDE congeners, distinguished by the number and position of their bromine atoms in the molecule [1][2][3]. Many of these compounds are commonly used in building materials, furnishing textiles and electronic equip ment as additive flame retardants [4][5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their octanol⎯water partitioning coefficients (logK ow ) are high which implies poor water solubilities and a signif icant hydrophobic and lipophilic nature. PBDEs have been shown to accumulate in sediments [6][7], dust [8][9] and to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in wild life [1,3,4,6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Whereas the lower brominated congeners increase in concentration up the food chain [2], the higher brominated compounds appear to be more prevalent in aquatic environments and sedi ments [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Soxtec extraction procedure for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in bivalve mollusc

2015

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A comprehensive and efficient method is presented for the determination of 9 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs), 2,4,4' tribromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 28), 2,3',4,4' tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47), 2,2',4,4',6 pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 66), 2,2',4,4',5 pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 100), 2,2',3,4,4' pentabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 99), 2,2',4,4',5,6' hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 85), 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 154), 2,2',4,4',5,5' hexabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 153) and 2,2',3,4,4',5,6' heptabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 183), in mollusc bivalve samples. An experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of several operational parameters on the extraction performance and to obtain the best experimental conditions. Under the final working conditions, freeze dried mollusc was placed in the Soxtec thimble in order to extract PBDEs with 100 mL of n hexane acetone (4 : 1) after 1.5 h and 1 h of boiling and rinsing times, respectively. Soxtec extracts were additionally purified on a multilayered column and after injected in the gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Quantitative recoveries of the analytes at three concentration levels ranged between 80 and 108%, and limits of quantification of the method (LOQs) between 0.5 and 20 ng/g. Analysis of mussel and clam samples showed that PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 were presented in almost all samples with concen trations between 0.6 and 2.6 ng/g dry weight. Moreover, a certified reference material (NIST 2974a) was used. The obtained concentrations were in agreement with the certified values.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Soxtec extraction procedure for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in bivalve mollusc

2015

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“…Most full-scale pyrometallurgical processing of WEEE scrap takes place using smelters designed for refining metals from ore or metal scrap. Research specific to pyrometallurgical processing of WEEE is limited, although Cui and Zhang 109 provide a good review of industrial practice and patented technology developments. Several researchers have explored modified pyrometallurgical processes for WEEE that incorporate the use of a vacuum to enhance metal separation at high temperatures.…”

Section: Methods For Extracting Metals From Pwbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…106 Elevated pollutant concentrations have been measured in animal and plant tissue in WEEE-impacted areas. 107 Elevated concentrations of PBDEs (and in some cases PCBs) have been observed in birds, 108 fish and shellfish, 109 free-range domestic fowl, 110 and amphibians. 111 Jun-Hui and Hang 112 documented metal contamination and toxicity to root cells in some soils associated with a WEEE recycling area.…”

Section: Uncontrolled Management Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Issues and Management Strategies for Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment

Townsend

2011

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Issues surrounding the impact and management of discarded or waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) have received increasing attention in recent years. This attention stems from the growing quantity and diversity of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) used by modern society, the increasingly rapid turnover of EEE with the accompanying burden on the waste stream, and the occurrence of toxic chemicals in many EEE components that can pose a risk to human and environmental health if improperly managed. In addition, public awareness of the WEEE or "e-waste" dilemma has grown in light of popular press features on events such as the transition to digital television and the exportation of WEEE from the United States and other developed countries to Africa, China, and India, where WEEE has often not been managed in a safe manner (e.g., processed with proper safety precautions, disposed of in a sanitary landfill, combusted with proper air quality procedures). This paper critically reviews current published information on the subject of WEEE. The definition, magnitude, and characteristics of this waste stream are summarized, including a detailed review of the chemicals of concern associated with different components and how this has changed and continues to evolve over time. Current and evolving management practices are described (e.g., reuse, recycling, incineration, landfilling). This review discusses the role of regulation and policies developed by governments, institutions, and product manufacturers and how these initiatives are shaping current and future management practices.

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Tree bark as a biomonitor for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers from Southern Jiangsu, China: levels, distribution, and possible sources

Zhou

Dong

Huang

et al. 2015

Environ Monit Assess

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Tree bark was used as the passive air sampler to evaluate polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) pollution and possible sources in Southern Jiangsu. The concentrations of PCBs and Σ7PBDEs were in the range of 0.58-5.19 ng/g dry weight (dw; mean 1.79 ng/g dw) and 17.9-243 pg/g dw (mean 74.7 pg/g dw), respectively. Tri-PCBs were the major PCB homologs, and technical PCB product Ar1242 was identified as the main source. BDE209 concentrations (4.29-456 ng/g dw) were relatively high, indicating that BDE209 pollution was serious in this region. The deca-BDE commercial mixture was the predominant commercial PBDE product used in this region. A good correlation was found between tree bark and polyurethane foam (PUF) disks in Σ6PCB monitoring, suggesting that both of them respond well to the gas-phase PCB monitoring.

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Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and shellfish downstream from electronic-waste recycling plants

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Optimization of Soxtec extraction procedure for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in bivalve mollusc

Optimization of Soxtec extraction procedure for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in bivalve mollusc

Environmental Issues and Management Strategies for Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment

Tree bark as a biomonitor for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers from Southern Jiangsu, China: levels, distribution, and possible sources

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