Occurrence of phenols in leachates from municipal solid waste landfill sites in Japan

Abstract

The concentrations of 41 phenols in leachates from 38 municipal solid waste (MSW) landfi ll sites in Japan were measured. The main phenols detected in leachates were phenol, three cresols, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, bisphenol A, and some chlorophenols. The concentration levels of phenols were affected by the pH values of the leachates and the different types of landfi ll waste. The origins of phenol and p-cresol were considered to be incineration residues, and the major origin of 4-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was considered to be solidifi ed fl y ash. In contrast, the major origins of 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were considered to be incombustibles. The discharge of leachates to the environment around MSW landfi ll sites without water treatment facilities can cause environmental pollution by phenols. In particular, the disposal of incineration residues including solidifi ed fl y ash and the codisposal of solidifi ed fl y ash and incombustibles might raise the possibility of environmental pollution. Moreover, the discharge of leachates at pH values of 9.8 or more could pollute the water environment with phenol. However, phenol, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol A can be removed to below the con centration levels that impact the environment around landfi ll sites by a series of conventional water treatment processes.

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Municipal Wastewater and the Marine Receiving Environment Near Victoria Canada

“…The presence of BPA in MAC effluent was, however, highly variable with about 25% of all wastewater samples taken at MAC having BPA concentrations below detection limits (approximately 1,100 ng L −1 ). Exploratory sampling conducted in January 2016 of the regional landfill's leachate, which is periodically released into the MAC sewage system, found a BPA concentration of 638,000 ng L −1 , high for municipal landfill leachate (Kurata et al, 2008). Given the relatively large volumes and periodic release of the landfill leachate into the MAC sewage system, it is considered probable that this is the source of the periodically high BPA concentrations measured at MAC.…”

Measuring 81 characterization parameters from different tropical landfill leachates and potential treatment techniques

“…Particularly, the disposal of incineration residues including solidified fly ash and the co-disposal of incombustibles and solidified fly ash can increase the opportunity of environmental pollution. A series of traditional wastewater treatment processes can remove phenol, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol to an acceptable level (Kurata et al, 2008). Because of its negative effects on public health and ecosystems, phenol and its related compounds have been given high priority in governmental regulations in many countries (Ahn et al, 2008;Kurata et al, 2008;Kujawski et al, 2004;Tziotzios et al, 2007;Xiao et al, 2006).…”

“…A series of traditional wastewater treatment processes can remove phenol, 4-nonylphenol, and bisphenol to an acceptable level (Kurata et al, 2008). Because of its negative effects on public health and ecosystems, phenol and its related compounds have been given high priority in governmental regulations in many countries (Ahn et al, 2008;Kurata et al, 2008;Kujawski et al, 2004;Tziotzios et al, 2007;Xiao et al, 2006). In this research, 4-aminoantipyrine method was used to measure phenols by determining all ortho-substituted and meta-substituted phenols or napthols, but not para-substituted phenols.…”

“…Wide range of some measured parameters, for instance color, returned to the effect of rainfall which caused dilution of generated landfill leachate at the collection pond. In conclusion, Kulim landfill leachate considered as low refractory compounds (BOD5/COD=0.201) and high concentrations of COD and NH3-N. Kurata et al, (2008) measured the concentrations of 41 phenols in landfill leachates from 38 MSW landfill sites in Japan. The main phenols detected by the researchers were phenol, 4-tert-butylphenol, 4-tertoctylphenol, 4-nonylphenol, three cresols, bisphenol A, and some chlorophenols.…”

Adsorption of O-Cresol in Landfill Leachate Using Activated Carbon

“…Horowitz et al [3] reported that in anoxic sediments, m-and p-cresol isomers showed the maximum degradation, while o-cresol resisted degradation. Kurata et al [4] investigated occurrence of phenolic compounds in leachates from 38 Municipal Solid Waste landfills in Japan and found that most of the landfill leachates contained 3.7 μg/L of o-cresol. Most health exposures of o-cresol observed in people include irritation and burning of skin, eyes, mouth, and throat, abdominal pain and vomiting, heart damage, anemia, liver and kidney damage facial paralysis, coma, and death [5].…”