Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Ice Cream, Instant Noodles, and Bubble Tea

Huang, Zhenzhen; Zhang, Xin; Wang, Xin; Deji, Zhuoma; Lee, Hian Kee

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01434

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“… 67 Specifically, frequent consumption of cheese was associated with increased concentrations of PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS (but not PFDA and PFUnDA); frequent consumption of yogurt was associated with increased PFOA, PFHxS, and PFUnDA. Greater intake of ice cream was associated with an increase in PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, MeFOSAA, PFHxS, and PFOS in children living in Boston, Massachusetts, 68 and this may be because of the packaging used in ice cream 69 , 70 or the industrial phase separation of cream from milk potentially contributing to higher PFAS concentrations. 71 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Important Dietary Exposure Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Inuit Youth and Adults in Nunavik Using a Feature Selection Tool

Aker,

Nguyen,

Ayotte

et al. 2024

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Previous studies have identified the consumption of country foods (hunted/harvested foods from the land) as the primary exposure source of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) in Arctic communities. However, identifying the specific foods associated with PFAA exposures is complicated due to correlation between country foods that are commonly consumed together. Methods: We used venous blood sample data and food frequency questionnaire data from the Qanuilirpitaa? (“How are we now?”) 2017 (Q2017) survey of Inuit individuals y of age residing in Nunavik ( ). Adaptive elastic net, a machine learning technique, identified the most important food items for predicting PFAA biomarker levels while accounting for the correlation among the food items. We used generalized linear regression models to quantify the association between the most predictive food items and six plasma PFAA biomarker levels. The estimates were converted to percent changes in a specific PFAA biomarker level per standard deviation increase in the consumption of a food item. Models were also stratified by food type (market or country foods). Results: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) were associated with frequent consumption of beluga misirak (rendered fat) [14.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.3%, 18.9%; 14.6% (95% CI: 10.1%, 19.0%)], seal liver [9.3% (95% CI: 5.0%, 13.7%); 8.1% (95% CI: 3.5%, 12.6%)], and suuvalik (fish roe mixed with berries and fat) [6.0% (95% CI: 1.3%, 10.7%); 7.5% (95% CI: 2.7%, 12.3%)]. Beluga misirak was also associated with higher concentrations of perfluorohexanesulphonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), albeit with lower percentage changes. PFHxS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and PFNA followed some similar patterns, with higher levels associated with frequent consumption of ptarmigan [6.1% (95% CI: 3.2%, 9.0%); 5.1% (95% CI: 1.1%, 9.1%); 5.4% (95% CI: 1.8%, 9.0%)]. Among market foods, frequent consumption of processed meat and popcorn was consistently associated with lower PFAA exposure. Conclusions: Our study identifies specific food items contributing to environmental contaminant exposure in Indigenous or small communities relying on local subsistence foods using adaptive elastic net to prioritize responses from a complex food frequency questionnaire. In Nunavik, higher PFAA biomarker levels were primarily related to increased consumption of country foods, particularly beluga misirak , seal liver, suuvalik , and ptarmigan. Our results support policies regulating PFAA production and use to limit the contamination of Arctic species through long-range transport. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13556

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Important Dietary Exposure Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Inuit Youth and Adults in Nunavik Using a Feature Selection Tool

Aker,

Nguyen,

Ayotte

et al. 2024

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Target PFAS were separated and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 ultraHPLC (UHPLC) system in combination with an Orbitrap Q Exactive Focus high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) system (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Schwerte, Germany). Additional information about instrumental analysis is available in our previous work …”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Personal Hygiene Products: The Implications for Human Exposure and Emission to the Environment

Zhou

Lin

Xing

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been related to reproductive toxicity in humans, but their occurrence in some specific personal hygiene products, i.e., sanitary pads, panty liners, tampons, paper diapers, menstrual cups, and bactericidal liquids, has not been extensively studied. This work investigated 31 representative PFAS in six categories of such personal hygiene products (n = 91). Perfluorinated carboxylic acids were the primary PFAS found in the samples, accounting for over 85% of the total concentrations of PFAS. Paper diapers contained the highest sum of PFAS concentrations (64.6 ng/g) followed by sanitary pads (52.3 ng/g) and menstrual cups (21.1 ng/g). The estimated exposure doses of perfluorooctanoic acid through dermal absorption from the use of menstrual cups and paper diapers for infants (adults) were 0.77 and 2.1 (1.2) ng/kg-bw/ day, which contributed more than normal dust ingestion. The estimated emission of paper diapers and sanitary pads into the environment was 2.58 and 322 kg/year with an assumed leaching rate of 100%. The potential exposure of PFAS through the use of personal hygiene products observed in this work suggests a previously unreported exposure pathway of these chemicals to humans.

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“…This condition could be dependent both on the greater ability of the animal to accumulate PFOS than PFOA and on high exposure to PFASs in the industrialized and populated areas of northern Xinjiang. The occurrence of PFASs in foodstuffs and their migration from food contact material was also investigated by Huang et al [80]. The authors evaluated the PFAS concentration in ice cream, bubble tea, and instant noodles, typical fast foods mainly consumed among children and young people.…”

Section: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bubble tea is another drink predominantly consumed worldwide among children and young people. Huang et al [80] investigated the presence of PFASs in some fast foods, including bubble tea. For the analysis, the bubble tea was sampled without the "pearls" (mainly made up of tapioca).…”

Section: Beveragesmentioning

confidence: 99%

There’s Something in What We Eat: An Overview on the Extraction Techniques and Chromatographic Analysis for PFAS Identification in Agri-Food Products

Iannone,

Carriera,

Passarella

et al. 2024

Foods

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Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of anthropogenic chemicals used in a range of industrial processes and consumer products. Recently, their ubiquitous presence in the environment as well as their toxicological effects in humans have gained relevant attention. Although the occurrence of PFASs is widely investigated in scientific community, the standardization of analytical method for all matrices still remains an important issue. In this review, we discussed extraction and detection methods in depth to evaluate the best procedures of PFAS identification in terms of analytical parameters (e.g., limits of detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), recoveries). Extraction approaches based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), alkaline digestion, and solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are the main analytical methods applied in the literature. The results showed detectable recoveries of PFOA and PFOS in meat, milk, vegetables, eggs products (90.6–101.2% and of 89.2–98.4%), and fish (96–108%). Furthermore, the low LOD and LOQ values obtained for meat (0.00592–0.01907 ng g−1; 0.050 ng g−1), milk (0.003–0.009 ng g−1; 0.010–0.027 ng g−1), fruit (0.002–0.009 ng g−1; 0.006–0.024 ng g−1), and fish (0.00369–0.017.33 ng g−1; 0.05 ng g−1) also confirmed the effectiveness of the recent quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) for simple, speedy, and sensitive ultra-trace PFAS analysis.

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Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Ice Cream, Instant Noodles, and Bubble Tea

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Characterizing Important Dietary Exposure Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Inuit Youth and Adults in Nunavik Using a Feature Selection Tool

Characterizing Important Dietary Exposure Sources of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Inuit Youth and Adults in Nunavik Using a Feature Selection Tool

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Personal Hygiene Products: The Implications for Human Exposure and Emission to the Environment

There’s Something in What We Eat: An Overview on the Extraction Techniques and Chromatographic Analysis for PFAS Identification in Agri-Food Products

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