Occurrence of perfluorinated organic acids in the North and Baltic seas. Part 1: distribution in sea water

Abstract

The results underline the necessity to include PFCs in marine monitoring programs. Water was found to be a good matrix for monitoring environmental levels, sources, and transport pathways of PFCs.

Occurrence of perfluorinated organic acids in the North and Baltic Seas. Part 2: distribution in sediments

“…the identification of input sources and tracing of the regional distribution and fate of pollutants in the marine environment, sediments should not be the first-choice matrix because sediment parameters (TOC, among others) strongly influence the enrichment process and themselves exhibit high spatial variability which is not related to pollution. The water phase is a much better matrix for investigating the regional distribution of PFC concentrations because it allows an identification of the sources of different water masses with their different pollution loads and mixing (see part 1, Theobald et al 2011).…”

“…The precursor ions were the (M-1) ions in all cases; recorded fragments were the SO 3 − ion for the sulphonates and the loss of CO 2 for carboxylates. Detailed chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters are published in Caliebe (2007) and Theobald et al (2011).…”

“…The lowest levels were observed at the sandy station UE 67 in the outer German Bight, at 0.038 μg/kg PFOS and 0.079 μg/kg PFOA. Although there is generally a decreasing concentration gradient from the coastal area, which is influenced by the main input source of the German Bight, the river Elbe, to the open sea, this gradient is not as clear as that of water samples (see part 1, Theobald et al 2011). For example, station BL2, located closest to the river estuary, does not have the highest concentrations.…”

CONTAMINATION OF PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS (PFCs) IN SEVEN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN BANGKOK, THAILAND

“…PFOS was dominant compound in PFCs group and often found in water environment. PFOS belongs to the group of PBTs (persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic) 5) and was recently added to the list of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention 6) . Furturmore, PFOS and its derivative are banned by the European Union 7) .…”

Bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity study of perfluorinated chemicals

“…PFCs (Theobald et al 2011), and thus, the health of marine wildlife is always of great concern. Previous studies clearly indicate exposure and the bioaccumulation potential of PFCs in marine organisms (Liu et al 2011, Nguyen et al 2011, Vestergren & Cousins 2009.…”