Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds in water, sediment and mussels from the Cantabrian Sea (North Spain)

Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in coastal waters from the East to South China Sea

“…However, this is not consistent with the results in other studies, which reported that PFOS and PFOA were the dominating compounds in surface water in coastal areas, such as coastal waters of NW Mediterranean , and Cantabrian Sea (Gómez et al, 2011). The different composition pattern indicates that the regions were influenced by different sources.…”

“…On the other hand, the PFBS concentration exceed the PFOS concentration by about one order of magnitude in this study which can be explained by different emissions rates but also by its less bioaccumulation potential and less sorption potential to particles. The concentration of PFBS in this study was comparable to that in other coastal regions, such as Catalonia and Cantabrian Sea in Spain, coastal areas of Japan, South Korea and Pearl River of China (Taniyasu et al, 2003;So et al, 2004;Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010;Gómez et al, 2011). Higher concentrations of PFBS were found in coastal areas of the German Bight and South Korea (So et al, 2004;Ahrens et al, 2009b), and lower concentrations were observed in coastal areas of Japan, Catalonia in Spain (Taniyasu et al, 2003;Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010).…”

“…4 using the minimum and maximum PFOA, PFOS and PFBS concentrations. In previous studies for coastal areas, higher concentration of PFOA was found in Tokyo Bay and South Korea Yamashita et al, 2005), while lower concentration was observed in coastal areas of Catalonia and Cantabrian Sea in Spain (Sánchez-Avila et al, 2010;Gómez et al, 2011), and China, such as South China Sea and in the East to South China Sea (this study). In particular, PFOA concentrations in Tokyo Bay and South Korea were about 1e2 order of magnitude higher than other coastal waters (So et al, 2004;Yamashita et al, 2005).…”

“…Per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are persistent against the typical environmental degradation processes and have been found ubiquitously in water (Saito et al, 2003;Schultz et al, 2004;So et al, 2004;Yamashita et al, 2005;Ahrens et al, 2010a,b;Busch et al, 2010), air (Martin et al, 2002;Stock et al, 2004Stock et al, , 2007Jahnke et al, 2007), sediment (Bao et al, 2009(Bao et al, , 2010Gómez et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2011), sludge (Higgins et al, 2005), precipitation , wildlife (Giesy and Kannan, 2001;Li et al, 2008a,b) and humans (Yeung et al, 2006(Yeung et al, , 2008Jin et al, 2007) around the globe. Because of their chemical characteristics, including extraordinary stability, hydrophobicity, oleophobicity and surfactant characteristics, many PFCs have been broadly applied to industrial and domestic production in the past half-century (OECD, 2002;Prevedouros et al, 2006).…”

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in riverine and coastal sediments of Laizhou Bay, North China

“…Sediments had been investigated in China (Bao et al, 2010a), Japan (Ahrens et al, 2009b), the United States (Senthil et al, 2009), Germany (Becker et al, 2008), France (Labadie and Chevreuil, 2011), Spain (Gomez et al, 2011) and Australia (Thompson et al, 2011) as an important sink and reservoir of PFAAs. Previous studies had suggested levels of tens to hundreds of ng/g for PFOA and PFOS in riverine and coastal sediments (Table 1).…”