Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in raw milk and feed from nine Chinese provinces and human exposure risk assessment

Liu, Yifei; Zhang, Qinghua; Li, Yingming; Hao, Yanfen; Li, Jingguang; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Peilong; Yin, Yuhan; Zhang, Su; Li, Tong; Wang, Yaxin; Dong, Shujun; Wei, Shulin; Zhang, Wei; Su, Xiaoou; Li, Xiaomin

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134521

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These observations are in line with the Liu et al. ( 2022 ) study that found PFBA to be the dominant PFAS in cattle feed, whereas PFOS was most frequently detected in milk, with PFBA, PFOA, and PFPeA also detected in >40% of the milk samples. Perfluorobutanoic acid has been found in trace concentrations ranging from 4.7 to 43 ng L −1 in retail dairy milk in South Africa (Macheka et al., 2021 ), China (Yu et al., 2015 ), Germany (Still et al., 2013 ), and The Netherlands (Noorlander et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Further, it is unclear what specific levels of PFAS present in the feed may lead to unsafe levels of PFAS in milk, although there appears to be movement in some states (e.g., Maine) to reimburse dairy farmers for lost revenue due to PFAS contamination in milk (Farm Services Agency, 2021 ), and Liu et al. ( 2022 ) found the hazard risk quotients of PFAS in milk were higher for children than adults, with PFOS having the highest risk quotient.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al (2022) collected 107 raw milk samples and 70 cow feed samples from nine provinces in China and found that, although PFBA was the most commonly detected PFAS in feed, PFOS dominated in milk, and no correlations were found between PFAS in paired feed and milk samples. Further, it is unclear what specific levels of PFAS present in the feed may lead to unsafe levels of PFAS in milk, although there appears to be movement in some states (e.g., Maine) to reimburse dairy farmers for lost revenue due to PFAS contamination in milk (Farm Services Agency, 2021), and Liu et al (2022) found the hazard risk quotients of PFAS in milk were higher for children than adults, with PFOS having the highest risk quotient. Milk samples collected after a feeding study of Holstein dairy cows found accumulation of PFHxS and PFOS in the milk, and PFBS and PFOA were near the detection limit (Kowalczyk et al, 2013).…”

Section: Implications For Animal Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania

et al. 2022

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a collective name for thousands of synthetic compounds produced to enhance consumer and industrial products since the 1940s. They do not easily degrade, and some are known to pose serious ecological and human health concerns at trace concentrations (ng L −1 levels). Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances persist in treated wastewater and are inadvertently introduced into the environment when treated wastewater is reused as an irrigation source.The Pennsylvania State University (PSU) has been spray-irrigating its wastewater at a 2.45 km 2 mixed-use agricultural and forested site known as the "Living Filter" since the 1960s. To understand the spatiotemporal patterns of 20 PFAS at the Living Filter, water samples were collected bimonthly from fall 2019 through winter 2021 from the PSU's wastewater effluent and from each of the site's 13 monitoring wells. Crop tissue was collected at the time of harvest to assess PFAS presence in corn silage and tall fescue grown at the study site. Total measured PFAS concentrations in the monitoring wells ranged from nondectable to 155 ng L −1 , with concentrations increasing with the direction of groundwater flow. Concentrations within each well exhibited little temporal variability across sampling events, with mixed relationships between PFAS and groundwater elevation observed between wells. Further, >84% of the PFAS present

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Animal Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania

et al. 2022

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“…However, due to high intake and the new much lower TWI value, dairy products also increase human, especially children, PFAS exposure risk. 132 Macheka et al (2021) proved that the estimated dietary intake of ∑ 15 PFAS for the urban population and toddlers was higher than that for the rural population, adolescents, and adults. 140 The exposure levels ranged from 1.09 to 20.41 ng/kg bw /day, up to 329.47 ng/kg bw /day for exclusively formula-fed infants.…”

Section: Human Exposure Risk To Pfass In Agricultural and Animal Prod...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Dairy milk contains various PFASs due to the binding of PFASs to β-lactoglobulin proteins in cow milk. , Concentrations of PFASs in milk are generally lower (Table ). However, due to high intake and the new much lower TWI value, dairy products also increase human, especially children, PFAS exposure risk . Macheka et al (2021) proved that the estimated dietary intake of ∑ 15 PFAS for the urban population and toddlers was higher than that for the rural population, adolescents, and adults .…”

Section: Human Exposure Risk To Pfass In Agricultural and Animal Prod...mentioning

confidence: 99%

PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern

Xing

Chen

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been mass-produced and widely applied in consumer and industrial products, resulting in their widespread presence in the environment. Features such as environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and high toxicity even at low doses have made PFASs an increasing concern. This brief review focuses on soil PFASs, especially the effect of soil PFASs on other environmental media and their potential threats to human health through daily diet. Specifically, soil PFASs contamination caused by different pathways was first investigated. Soil pollution from application of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) is generally more severe than that from fluorochemical manufacturing plants, followed by biosolid land use, landfill, and irrigation. Factors, such as carbon chain length of PFASs, wastewater treatment technology, geographical conditions, and regional development level, are related to soil PFASs' pollution. Then, the migration, bioaccumulation, and toxicity characteristics of soil PFASs were analyzed. Short-chain PFASs have higher solubility, mobility, and bioavailability, while long-chain PFASs have higher bioaccumulation potential and are more toxic to organisms. Factors such as soil texture, solution chemistry conditions, enzymes, and fertilization conditions also influence the environmental behavior of PFASs. The risk of human exposure to PFASs through agricultural and animal products is difficult to control and varies depending on living region, age, eating habits, lifestyle, ethnicity, etc. Soil PFASs threaten drinking water safety, affect soil function, and enter food webs, threatening human health. Knowledge gaps and perspectives in these research fields are also included in current work to assist future research to effectively investigate and understand the environmental risks of soil PFASs, thereby reducing human exposure.

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Integrated QuEChERS combined with LC–MS/MS for high-throughput analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in milk

Shi,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2023

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in raw milk and feed from nine Chinese provinces and human exposure risk assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 37 publications

Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania

Spatiotemporal patterns of PFAS in water and crop tissue at a beneficial wastewater reuse site in central Pennsylvania

PFASs in Soil: How They Threaten Human Health through Multiple Pathways and Whether They Are Receiving Adequate Concern

Integrated QuEChERS combined with LC–MS/MS for high-throughput analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in milk

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