Occurrence of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) in Groundwater from a Karst Aquifer System in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Rosiles‐González, Gabriela; Ávila‐Torres, Gerardo; Moreno‐Valenzuela, Oscar A.; Acosta‐González, Gilberto; Leal‐Bautista, Rosa María; Grimaldo-Hernández, Cinthya D.; Brown, Judith K.; Cháidez‐Quiroz, Cristóbal; Betancourt, Walter Q.; Gerba, Charles P.; Hernández‐Zepeda, Cecilia

doi:10.1007/s12560-017-9309-1

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Water samples (100 l) collected for a previous study to determine the occurrence of PMMoV by RT‐PCR and RT‐qPCR (Rosiles‐González et al ), were used in this study. Samples were collected from 10 sites during two climatic seasons (rainy and dry) in the northeast aquifer of the YP, and viruses were concentrated by tangential flow ultrafiltration as described by Rosiles‐González et al (). Concentrated samples, at a volume of approximately 800–1000 ml per sample, were subjected to a second concentration step as described by Rosiles‐González et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were collected from 10 sites during two climatic seasons (rainy and dry) in the northeast aquifer of the YP, and viruses were concentrated by tangential flow ultrafiltration as described by Rosiles‐González et al (). Concentrated samples, at a volume of approximately 800–1000 ml per sample, were subjected to a second concentration step as described by Rosiles‐González et al (). In addition, samples were collected from secondary‐treated effluent from two wastewater treatment plants located in the study area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of coliphages per site was determined using 40 ml from the concentrated sample obtained after ultrafiltration. Coliphages were enumerated following the protocol described in Rosiles‐González et al ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Statistical analyses were carried out according to Rosiles‐González et al (). Briefly, to determine the differences in the concentrations of NoV GI, NoV GII and HAdV during rainy and dry seasons, and originating from different water sources, for example, fresh and brackish water, a multivariate analysis was conducted based on permutations (PERMANOVA), using the software PRIMER‐e v.6.1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of great concern because when taken together, all the factors previously indicated, can contribute to serious degradation of not only water quality but also environmental quality in one of the most important areas for tourism in Mexico. Furthermore, the presence of viral indicators of sewage contamination such as coliphages, and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) was reported to occur in freshwater sinkholes, and brackish water environments used for recreation in the northeast karst aquifer of the YP (Rosiles‐González et al ). This study was conducted in these specialized sinkhole environments and in brackish water sites employed for full body contact recreation, in order to determine the seasonal occurrence and diversity of two of the most common waterborne viral pathogens such as NoVs and HAdVs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Norovirus and human adenovirus occurrence and diversity in recreational water in a karst aquifer in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Rosiles‐González¹,

Ávila‐Torres²,

Moreno‐Valenzuela

et al. 2019

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims To determine the seasonal occurrence and diversity of norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) in groundwater from sinkholes, and brackish water used for recreational activities in the karst aquifer of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Methods and results Hollow fibre ultrafiltration was used to concentrate viruses and standard plaque assay methods were used to enumerate somatic and F+ specific coliphages as viral indicators. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to estimate the number of genome copies for NoV strains GI, and GII, and HAdVs. The predominant NoV genotypes and HAdV serotypes were identified by comparative sequence analysis. Somatic and male F+ specific coliphages were detected at concentrations up to 94 and 60 plaque‐forming units per 100 ml respectively. The NoV genogroup I (GI) was associated with 50% of the sampled sites during the rainy season only, at concentrations ranging from 120 to 1600 genome copies per litre (GC l−1). The NoV genogroup II (GII) was detected in 30 and 40% of the sampled sites during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, at concentrations ranging from 10 to 290 GC l−1. During the rainy and dry seasons, HAdVs were detected in 20% of the sites, at concentrations ranging from 24 to 690 GC l−1. Identification of viral types revealed the presence of NoV GI.2, GII.Pe, GII.P16 and GII.P17, and HAdV F serotypes 40 and 41. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that NoVs and HAdVs are prevalent as virus contaminants in the karst aquifer, representing potential health risks particularly during the rainy season, in one of the most important areas used for tourism in Mexico. Significance and Impact of the Study This is one of the few studies conducted in karst aquifers that provide a foundational baseline of the distribution, concentrations and diversity of NoVs and HadVs in these particular environments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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